Against Fracking Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Second is that low volume, vertical fracking has been done for a very long since time in memorial in Texas and the Western United States, however High Volumes, Hydraulic slick-water Fracturing was innovated and put into practice by Range Resources in the year 2003 (Greeley & Stone, p106). Third is that this method requires the use of large amount of toxic and hazardous chemicals, put together with water and sand, infused deep underground using horizontal-drilling machines which then breaks the shale rocks into pieces and as a result the natural gas is released together with the natural containments and even Uranium that are often radioactive. Fifth is that it for this activity to take place it requires very large amounts of fresh water of about 1-18 million gallons per well and to get these natural gas it may require re-fracking for about 18 times. Next is that the frack well can go further under the earth surface for about a mile from the wellbore. The seventh fact is that the comp anies that are associated with the gas production are exempted from sections of the Safe Drinking Water Act (1974), the Clean Air Act of (1970) and the Clean Water Act (1972) due to the loophole put into the Energy Policy Act (2005) referred to as The Halliburton Loophole (Greeley & Stone, p120) Eight is that the FRAC (Fracking Responsibility and Awareness to Chemical Act) is a House bill that was intended to restructure the Halliburton Loophole and to make sure that the industries that are associated with gas production discloses the chemicals that they use in their fracking process (Greeley & Stone, p38). We will write a custom essay sample on Against Fracking or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Next is that water produced after the fracking process as waste is referred to as the ‘Frack Water’ and this is usually produced in a very large amount and this bi-product contains a lot of chemicals which are mostly carcinogens, neurotoxins or chemicals that are associated with human detrimental alteration of the endocrine systems. Next is that the industries associated with these disposal of the large amounts of bi-products of the fracking process does face a lot of dilemma. This is so because the municipal water treatment facilities are not equipped to get rid of chemical it contains (Greeley & Stone, p48). As a result the frack water are stored within the industry in large pools and later transported using tankers trucks to waste recycling facilities that then return it back to the industry for further fracking or even transfer it to traditional water treatment plants.

The Best Practice Of Formal Structure - 1469 Words

The best practice of formal structure is characterized by the establishment of a policy and procedures manual and the use of a variety of school and community settings for activities (DuBois et al., 2002). This manual should outline all aspects of hiring, training, and retaining staff in order to aid in clarification of expectations and establish protocols that lead to fidelity of implementation When recruiting a mentor, the organization should adhere to the best practice of developing clear expectations, even if there is no pay involved. These expectations include a job description and interview protocols that address the specific competencies required for the position (Keller, 2006). Although not essential to successful mentoring, prior†¦show more content†¦In addition, a regular assessment to identify barriers that can limit staff success also is beneficial (Keller, 2006). Mentor Best Practices Positive outcomes occur when the mentor-mentee relationship lasts for 1 year o r longer and when the mentor understands what approaches, practices, and attitudes work (Grossman Rhodes, 2002; Rhodes, 2008). Best practices can serve to increase the rate of success in formal mentoring programs and can reduce negative impacts, such as early relationship termination. Regardless of the reason for termination, it can be perceived by the mentee as intentional rejection (Downey Feldman, 1996; Downey, Lebolt, Rincorn, Freitas, 1998; DuBois et al., 2002; Grossman Rhodes, 2002) and can lead to negative self-perception and lowered academic performance. The literature identifies six best practices for individual mentors: (a) training, (b) commitment to the relationship, (c) respect for the mentee’s background, (d) respect for the individual, (e) mutual activities, and (f) use of support (see Figure 1). Each of these is discussed below. Although those in â€Å"helping professions† (e.g., teachers, counselors) who have received formal training have greater p redictive success as mentors, training and support provided to lay persons can produce similar results (DuBois et al., 2002). Mentors should avail themselves ofShow MoreRelatedChanging Leadership Roles677 Words   |  3 PagesLeadership Roles Formal leadership structures have been the preferred structure since the beginning of the industrial era. Old paradigms are changing and informal leadership structures are beginning to emerge. At times modern leaders perform in an informal manner while still retaining their formal leadership roles. Collaborative management is beginning to play a key role in the public health organizations. This research will explore a developing trend between using both formal and informal leadershipRead MoreThe Theory and Practice of Spin-Out Management Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesSpin-out management: Theory and practice New startups often use internet to interact with their clients through which they detect low circulation cost and increase innovative goods. Most of the firms are flop because they cannot adopt new changes. For innovations, Internal RD department is very essential for any evidence (Chesbrough, H. 2003a). High-technology companies do heavily investment for RD department for revolution, because companies consider it challenging and this direct companies towardsRead MoreAn Examination Of Project Management Success Factors And Best Practices During Health Integrated Infrastructure1720 Words   |  7 PagesAn examination of project management success factors and best practices during health integrated infrastructure changes. This term paper will identify the necessary factors for project management success when embarking on system implementation changes. I intend to analyze and identify the potential value of leveraging agile iterative planning cycles to improve project planning while addressing project management success factors that contribute to well managed change management implementationsRead MoreSouthwest Airline Strategic Analysis1382 Words   |  6 PagesSouthwest Airline Strategy Implementation Executive Summary An analysis of Southwest Airlines strategic controls has been conducted in order to determine if these controls match, and or enhance, the companies design and strategy. The company structure, culture, and human resources have been taken into consideration. What was found, was that Southwest has a strong culture, which ties most of the strategies together. Supervisors and employees work side by side, which promotes trust and understandingRead MoreOrganizational Structure And Design Of Sysco1129 Words   |  5 PagesOrganization Structure and Design Sysco is founded upon values that includes integrity, reliability, autonomy, quality and entrepreneurship. Sysco employs around 50000 employees over 50% of whom are hourly workers and delivery personnel. These employees are paid weekly bonus based on their performance. Sysco creates a sense of ownership among employees by rewarding employees with stock. They provide integrated solution to their customers by combining products and service. Approximately 65% of SyscoRead MoreMcdonald s A Mechanistic Organization1676 Words   |  7 Pageshas accomplished this extraordinary global presence through its effective management practices. McDonald’s uses a combination of Fredrik Taylor’s scientific management, Max Weber’s hierarchical structure, and Henri Fayol’s administrative principles to run its restaurants. McDonald’s has become a mechanistic organization by making its restaurant environment predictable. McDonald’s has developed set management st ructure and a predetermined set of procedures for running its restaurants. As a result, McDonald’sRead MoreEssay on Nike Case Study743 Words   |  3 Pagessweatshop labor problem Nike faced. Using a flat structure helps get a lot of work in a short time but none-the-less can cause a lot of trouble as seen in Nike. With a more highly bureaucratic structure, also known as Mechanistic design, practices will be closely monitored to prevent such problems from arising. In a centralized design with many rules and procedures which have to be followed, a clear-cut division of labor and narrow spans of control and formal coordination, the higher management/ boardRead MoreCritically Evaluate the Relevance of the Contingency Approach to Managing on the Managerial Work of the Manager You Interviewed.1639 Words   |  7 Pagesand five operations staff, and has a strong influence across the organisation. Reporting to the CEO, with both board and ASX reporting responsibilities, Janeâ€⠄¢s role and authority at XYZ Wealth is prominent. As the HR Director, Jane is involved in structure, employment issues, human resource allocation, recruitment and retention decisions and sets the people strategy for the organisation (J. Smith, pers.comm, 2011). As she faces many different situations everyday in her work, she heavily relies onRead MoreOrganizational Structure Of A Regional Medical Center ( Grmc ) Uses1509 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to Tiller (2012), â€Å"a carefully designed organizational structure is a logical prerequisite for success† (p. 20). This holds true in health care today; the structure of an organization determines how efficient the facility will run, as well as setting the tone for the culture within the company. The organizational structure â€Å"describes the arrangement of the work group† making it the division of the work that needs to be done across the continuum of the organization (Sullivan, 2013, p. 12)Read MoreGraduation Sp eech : A Writer At The Beginning Of My College Career944 Words   |  4 Pagesan informal setting, I often begin causally, jotting down ideas on a piece of paper or in a journal. Typically it ends up being a long paragraph of running ideas and tangents regarding different occurrences and topics. When faced with a prompt or formal writing, I like to first analyze the topic and determine the purpose of the instructed writing. Once the points and guidelines are clear and a general topic surfaces, I begin to narrow it down and create at least three main points from which I can

Job Satisfaction as a Criterion for Establishing the...

Introduction 1.1 Background of the study Job satisfaction is one criterion for establishing the strength of an organization; description effective services largely depends on the human source (Fitzgerald et al., 1994) and job satisfaction experienced by employees will affect the quality of service they render. The job satisfaction is look on their job performance. Job satisfaction has been defined as a positive emotional state resulting from the pleasure a worker derives from the job and as the affective and cognitive attitudes held by an employee about various aspects of their work. Kolej Poly Tech Mara Kuala Lumpur have an employee’s which of academic staff and non academic staff. An academic staff is usually a lecturer however†¦show more content†¦- An employee who is paid well, has job security, has good relationships with co-workers and the supervisor and is given challenging duties for which he is accountable will be motivated. They include salary, job security, working conditions, status, company procedures, quality of technical supervision, and quality of interpersonal relations among peers, superiors, and subordinates. - A satisfied need ceases to motivate. For example, when a person decides that he or she is earning enough pay for contributing to the organization, money loses its power to motivate. Many of employees to choose and change benefits over time, these firms let employees meet their changing needs. - Unsatisfied need can cause frustration, conflict, and stress. From a managerial perspective, unsatisfied needs are dangerous because they may lead to undesirable performance outcomes. 2. The organization motivates their employee to perform effectively by offering some training and developmental programmer and offering various benefits for satisfactory performance. - The original research that led to the theory gave rise to two specific conclusions. First, there is a set of extrinsic conditions, the job context, which results in dissatisfaction among employees when the conditions are not present. If these conditions are present, this does not necessarily motivate employees. These motivators are directly related to the nature of the job or task it. - Managers should continueShow MoreRelatedPerformance Management the Employee Appraisal Process992 Words   |  4 Pagesthat emanates from a company’s goals. The expectation of the company as follow are (1) The essential job functions the employee is expected to do (2) How the employee’s job contributes to the goals of the organization (3) What â€Å"doing the job well† means in concrete terms, (4) How employee and supervisor will work together to sustain, improve, or build on existing employee performance, (5) How job performance will be measured,(6) Identifying barriers to performance and removing them. (Donald L. CaruthRead MoreThree Activities in Human Resource Management1509 Words   |  7 Pagesthat â€Å"HRM refers to the policies, practices and systems that influence employee behavior, attitudes and performance in order to support business goals and objectives† while Dowling et al. (2008: 2) â€Å"HRM refers to those activities undertaken by a n organization to effectively utilize its human resources†. What are HR activities? Earlier research (Beardwell, J. and Claydon, T., 2007) demonstrated that HR activities for an enterprise include: human resource planning, staffing (recruitment, selection, placement)Read MoreEmployer Branding4426 Words   |  18 PagesMinchington (2005) as the image of the organization as a great place to work in the minds of current employees and key stakeholders in the external market (active and passive candidates, clients, customers and other key stakeholders). The concept of Employer Brand has gained importance since 1990s or it is a result of Global manic competition but above all it has become a magnetic force, a catalyst , an accelerator and a prime factor which determines an organization success and future . EmployerRead MoreA Multilevel Investigation of Factors Influencing Employee Service Performance and Customer Outcomes6460 Words   |  26 PagesFACTORS INFLUENCING EMPLOYEE SERVICE PERFORMANCE AND CUSTOMER OUTCOMES HUI LIAO Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey AICHIA CHUANG National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Previous work on service performance has focused on either organization- or individual-level analysis. This multilevel study of 257 employees, 44 managers, and 1,993 customers from 25 restaurants demonstrated that both individual- and store-level factors were significantly associated with employee service performance:Read MoreImpact of Job Analysis on Job Performance: a Study of Public Sector Organizations of Pakistan25727 Words   |  103 PagesIMPACT OF JOB ANALYSIS ON JOB PERFORMANCE: A STUDY OF PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS OF PAKISTAN By Muhammad Safdar Rehman NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES ISLAMABAD April 2009 Impact of Job Analysis on Job Performance: A Study of Public Sector Organizations of Pakistan By Muhammad Safdar Rehman A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In Management Science To FACULTY OF ADVANCED INTEGRATED STUDIES AND RESEARCHRead MoreManaging Human Capital3674 Words   |  15 Pagesmore than to be able to see the organization as a whole: the relationship of people and processes that determine the success, examples of changes that require special attention. The core of the new management model has become such criterion of quality that can be defined as â€Å"meet and exceed customer expectation†. The model is driven by customer requests and is aimed to satisfy the customer needs. The management and information affect all parts of the organization. The Management directs the activitiesRead MorePerformance Appraisal at Tcs4398 Words   |  18 Pagesa given job? The answer is performance appraisal. Employee assessment is one of the fundamental jobs of HRM. But not an easy one though. Meaning and Definition It is the systematic evaluation of the individual with respect to his or her performance on the job and his or her potential for development. In simple terms, performance appraisal may be understood as the assessment of an individuals performance in a systematic way, the performance being measured against such factors as job knowledgeRead MoreUsing Job Satisfaction and Pride as Internal-Marketing Tools5365 Words   |  22 PagesClick to Print This Page Using job satisfaction and pride as internal-marketing tools. (Human Resources). By Dennis B. Arnett Debra A. Laverie Charlie McLane Cornell Hotel Restaurant Administration Quarterly | April, 2002 Cornell Hotel Restaurant Administration​ QuarterlyCornell Hotel Restaurant Administration​ QuarterlyCornell UniversityTradeMagazine/JournalBusinessTravel industryCOPYRIGHT 2002 Cornell​ University0010-8804Copyright 2002, Gale Group. All rights​ reserved.200204012002April432ArnettRead MoreDesigning Intervention9340 Words   |  38 PagesInterventions An organization development intervention is a sequence of activities, actions, and events intended to help an organization improve its performance and effectiveness. Intervention design, or action planning, derives from careful diagnosis and is meant to resolve specific problems and to improve particular areas of organizational functioning identified in the diagnosis. OD interventions vary from standardized programs that have been developed and used in many organizations to relativelyRead MoreCase Study : Information System Project2173 Words   |  9 Pagesorder to create separate tasks and necessary supports for project completion. After considering how the project should be completed, next step is establishing the project initiation team which consists of an initial core of project team members and these members are responsible for assisting in obtaining initial tasks of the project. Finally, establishing the project initiation plan is to identify required works and to assign appr opriate tasks to each member within group to accomplish the project.

American Revolution - 1716 Words

Raging Bull â€Å"I’m going to make a name for myself. If I fail, you will never hear of me again† Edward James Muggeridge. True to his words he succeeded in making a name for himself and he created the first movie or â€Å"motion picture†. Movies are a rollercoaster ride that transcends people into a whole different world fresh out of somebody’s imagination as seen through the genres of horror, drama, and science fiction. The movie business allows people to break through the burden of everyday life. Considering today’s way of life, people would be lying if they did not admit that movies are an influential entity in our culture. Movies have been successful in ingraining values and elements into society. Movies exaggerate, sensationalize and at†¦show more content†¦Movies as well as other forms of popular fiction are similar to literature. This is due to the fact that viewers often have to critically think about each characters motives. Countless times in films, we are introduced to characters that are hard to recognize and unpredictable. Viewers usually make their first judgment on the particular character within the first few scenes, not knowing what their purpose might be. Not knowing what a characters reason or intention might be is also known as Mixed Motives. Within the film Raging Bull, the theme mixed motives comes about in many scenes, within Jake, Vikki, Joey and Sal or the Mafia. One character in the film that has mixed motives is the middleweight champion boxer Jake Lamotta. Jake strives to be the best boxer, and be the heart of a champion. Jake is not afraid of anyone, and could care less what people think about him. Jake’s mindset is being the finest, and he does everything to be just that. Alternatively, often times Jake is insanely jealous toward his wife, he judgmental and resentment toward African Americans, and uses his fist not only in the ring, but as a way of life. Vikki is fifteen years old, and she knows what type of man she would like to have a relationship with. Vikki would like to be in a relationship with powerful rich men who treat her with respect. In contrast, many fifteen year old girls have not really experienced life, and do not know what they would like. Vikki ends up with Jake, whom sheShow MoreRelatedThe American Revolution : The Revolution1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution Revolutionizes the World It was the first revolution to majorly succeed and change how people saw their countries, it was the American Revolution. The American Revolution was the first successful revolution against a European empire that provided a model for many other colonial peoples who realized that they too could break away and become self-governing nations (New world Encyclopedia, 1).The American Revolution was vital to history because ideas seen by other countries startedRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution999 Words   |  4 PagesBetween 1770 and 1776, resistance to imperial change turned into a full-on revolution. The American Revolution, also known as the Revolutionary War, was a time of revolting and political uprising, in which the 13 colonies separated from the British Empire, forming the independent nation known as the United States of America. Though the American Revolution began because the colonies wanted independence from Britain, many important historical events and revolts also lead to the tensions and resistanceRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution1362 Words   |  6 PagesEvery 4th of July, Americans are told the story of the American Revolution. We remember the oppressed colonists fighting against the tyrannical King George III and the formidable red coats. Patriotic heroes are remembered, evil kings are cursed, and the liberties and freedoms won from the war are celebrated. Though America often likes to look back to the revolution, the question of just how much a revolution was the American Revolution is rarely asked. While the American revolution was not as radicalRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution1582 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The revolution was effected before the war commenced. The revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people.† - John Adams, 1818 This quote means that the revolution actually took place metaphorically before the actually fighting began. It took place in the emotions and thoughts of the Americans. The Road to Revolution After the Seven Years’ War created a financial problem for Britain The British tried to shoulder some of the financial responsibilities onto the Americas in the form of variousRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution850 Words   |  4 PagesIn regards to the American Revolution, the point that armed rebellion became inevitable arrived when after nearly five constant years of American colonist protesting. American s had enough and needed to take a stand for the numerous inequalities they were forced to deal with. It was foreseeable that the American Revolution took place due to the unfair taxes that the British were giving Americans. Also, England was not allowing Americans their freedom, along with violence and the political dominanceRead MoreThe American Revolution877 Words   |  4 Pagespeople believe the American Revolution is strictly liberal, in truth it is conservative evidenced by the new British policies, colonial reactions and the examinations of what it means to be conservative vs. liberal. The American Revolution was triggered, by many laws that were passed between 1763 and 1775 that controlled trade and taxes. This legislation caused pressure between colonists and imperial officers, who had made it clear that the British Parliament would not address American complaints relatingRead MoreThe American Revolution871 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution was the struggle by which thirteen colonies won independence from Great Britain, to become what we now know as The United States of America. The American Revolution came about primarily because the colonists had matured. Their interests and goals were so different and distant from those of the mother country. Local politics, practices, social customs, religious beliefs, and economic interests had gone so far from the English ways. The American Revolution had a tremendous impactRead MoreThe American Revolution1543 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Revolution was one of the most important battles in history. It led to the Declaration of Independence and the freedom of America from the British. No one can really say what the exact cause of the Revolution was, but there were many important social, cultural, political and economic causes that led up to the war. I believe one of the main economic reasons the Americans wanted to become free from the British and start the Revolution, was because of all the taxes the British imposedRead MoreThe American Revolution Essay1458 Words   |  6 Pageshistorians might argue that the American Revolution was not so revolutionary in its nature, there is no denying the lasting effects that it has had not only on the continent, but the world. Through an analysis of documents from this period and the social, political, and economic changes that occurred in the colonies, it is clear that the colonial governmental system was radically changed during this time period. The political ideas that emerged from this revolution have shaped modern democratic governmentsRead MoreThe American Revolution1313 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution has provided no shortage of patriotic and romanticized images and ideals for the general public throughout history. Indeed, to this very day, Americans hark back to this ‘glorious achievement’ with pride and use it as fuel for everything from selling jeans (Levi/Strauss) to the creation of video games (Assassin’s Creed.) But the question has remained, for all the hoopla and â€Å"remembrance† that surrounds this period in western history – was this revolution justified? As the

Compensation Free Essays

Compensation is an important motivator when looking to achieve desired organizational results. Money is thought of s a powerful motivator, however that only holds for sometime until the next pay increase is due. Compensation strategies reinforce the organizational culture that you desire, this enables the culture where pay is linked to performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Compensation or any similar topic only for you Order Now To ensure this process works, it must be reflected in the strategic business objectives. The objectives must clearly be defined, must be communicated as soon as decision has been reached. By doing this proper, the organization can motivate employees and make them want to perform better. CONTENT An incentive plan is defined as a formal scheme used to promote or encourage specific actions or behavior by a specific group of people during a defined period of time. So what are the reasons so many companies would find a need to offer such incentive plans? Some of the top reasons are, for motivation, company morale, company loyalty, increased productivity, increase achievement, reduced absenteeism, reduce company cost, decreased turnover and to create more team work. The organization I am employees with created for both union and non- urn employees an incentive compensation plan. When developing this plan it was to focus on two major points, safety and waste reduction. It was then also decided that a third element would also be counted, improved productivity. In order to receive the incentive there were requirements; you need to be a full time Compensation-Bemires 3 employee, employed for the last three (3) consecutive months and be actively employed at the time of payout, which was quarterly. There are also goals that need to be reached in order to collect the incentive for that portion of the goals. The safety component is that the TRIP (total recordable incident rate) needs to be low. Following the guidelines as noted: Greater than 1. 50 payout was O 01 -? 1. 50 payout is 1% of quarterly wages less than 1. 01 payout is 2% of quarterly wages As a company this component is important because the safety of the employees is and will always be the most important thing to the company. Their safety should come first not only to Bemires but also to the employees. It was after looking at these aspects that a separate incentive plan needs to be created just for the non-union/salary employees. The SHIP (salaried performance incentive plan) needs to be created for salary personnel of the Bemires Company. It is intended to provide an incentive for employees to perform their jobs at the highest level possible to facilitate achievement of division and Compensation-Bemires 5 the plant goals, contributing to overall profitability. This plan was designed to reward individuals with additional annual cash compensation in recognition of their individual and collective efforts to meet or exceed annual goals. Unlike a merit increase which is an increase to your salary based on demonstrated ability to meet job responsibilities over an extended period Of time, incentive award is based on annual performance, targeting specific areas which may change from year to year. Employees must be regular full time employees, must be active employees t time of distribution. Eligibility does not necessarily entitle a participant to an award and does not constitute an agreement with the company. In making the requirements for this SHIP incentive it will depend on many factors which include, the individual base salary earnings for the eligibility period, normal reward percent, performance rating given by employees superiors, all targets/measurements are meet, and funding scale. The following are the factors to determine each of these. Base salary earnings: amount of pay a participant received throughout the plan year in eligible base earnings excluding all other forms of compensation. Normal award percent: each participant is assigned a normal award percent for his/her position; employees will be notified of this percentage. Normal award: is the base dollar amount of incentive eligible to the participant, it is then impacted up or down by individual performance rating and the results Of the profit and other targets set for the plan year. Individual performance rating (l PR): this will be given by the supervisor and can range from . 500 up to 1 250, the PR should correlate to the overall performance of the Compensation-Bemires 6 employee based on their yearly appraisal. How to cite Compensation, Papers

Thinking free essay sample

My room is my life and loves in effigy; research papers scattered across the floor, pictures of my friends on my wall, a memory box in the corner. But if this microcosm of my universe has a center, it wouldn’t be the trophies or the posters, it’d be a seemingly simple shelf in my dresser. This shelf is where my Harry Potter books lie. I began reading the Harry Potter series when I was five. I was entranced when I read. I yearned for the quickening of my heartbeat during a battle scene or the pain in my chest from the death of a character. To this day those feelings haven’t changed. Words inflame me in such a way that once I start reading, I am addicted. It’s not just the induced emotions. Words are feelings; colors I can taste. They unite every sense and they unite every person. We will write a custom essay sample on Thinking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Words make me think, question and wonder. A phrase may be a different point of view, a quotation an entire philosophy. I have succumbed to the power of words and their power has leaked inside of me. It bubbles, burning to be used. Even if I wanted to contain this power I couldn’t. The words pour out, and in many different ways. Singing is the easiest way to relieve such aching. Lyrics are poetry exemplified with beats and cadence. When I sing a song, it isn’t enough to parrot. I picture a story, feel hope or experience pain. The words and I become one. Debating is much like singing. When I debate there is a beat, a pattern and my emotions run high. Originally, the lure of debating and arguing was the beauty and emotion of words. Once drawn in though, I found something else I truly cared for. The Model U.N. team at my school is named The World Interest Club because we don’t want to be simply a â€Å"debate team.† We masquerade as delegates from foreign countries but what unites us is our love of discovering the world; its tragedies and its wonders. It was my love for words and language that brought me to this club but the connections within the world that mirrored the patterns of language were so enticing, that I fell in love a second time. And I owe it all to Harry. The shelves of books in my basement are an archive of dreams and adventures imprinted on paper as well as my mind. But the Harry Potter series has a permanent room in my heart. My shelf holds at least three copies of each book, tattered and torn (but never collecting dust!), two copies in foreign languages, four companion novels, and, of course, my wand. This shelf was is childhood, and will never be forgotten in my future. From reading, I didn’t just gain a love of words or a new perspective, I gained a way of thinking. I discovered a love for fantasy, a love for the unknown and the impossible that has thrust me into a quest for answers and information. A love of learning, a love of thinking.

Career Opportunities Available Newly Qualified Nurse

Question: Discuss about the Career Opportunities Available for Newly Qualified Nurse. Answer: Introduction There are many job opportunities for the newly qualified nurses such as working in the hospitals as a registered nurse, working in the institutions such as colleges as staff nurses among others. However, most nurses after their professional studies face many challenges, and most of them believe that the transition is stressing. It is because the other health professionals have high expectations of the graduate nurses such as they will produce the highest quality of work as well as come out working fast. However, the opposite happens since these graduate nurses need direction from the old people in the professional because they lack knowledge on the role adjustment. Therefore, there is a need for the health professionals to put this mind and help them during the transition. In this paper, I will deeply discuss the development by reviewing some of the journals on their transition. My literature review will be on the stress as well as the shortage of nurses in the hospitals in over 57 c ountries. It is important to look at this issue since the health services are continuing to deteriorate bringing adverse effects among the citizens. The problem on the shortage of nurse is an international disaster hence the stalk holders all over the globe should find ways to correct it. Though there are attempts to increase the recruitment of nurses, most of the newly registered nurses are resigning. Stressing factors in the change transition Fox argues in his journal that the work stress in most of the health facilities is making the nurses who have just graduated think of quitting the job. Most of the health centres have about 10 % of graduate nurses. Through the various studies, they noted that most of the nurses encounter many challenges during their transition from a student nurse to a registered nurse. In the journal on Nursing Today, the author argues that the problem on the resignation of the graduate is because of the stressing work environment. He keenly examined it because the loss of these new registered nurses may have a financial impact on the nation as well as affect the patients. Some of the factors that cause stress to the newly registered nurse are such as the program type, work unit, orientation as well as the duration in the work group. Some research was done to show what the newly registered nurses attributed most of their stress. Through the studies, they noted that most stressors were issues on the equipment in the health facilities. (Wu, Fox, Stokes, Adam, 2012). Another stressing factor that the newly qualified nurse goes through is the role adjustment factor. Most of the health professionals old in the job have high expectations of the newly registered nurses. They expect that these nurses will hit the ground running. Philip who looks at the Australian system of employment of the newly registered nurses claims that the post registration of the graduate nurses brought a lot of success than the pre-registration of the nurses. The author also adds that the nurses should be welcomed warmly in the work environment as well as given a proper guidance by the senior professionals in the job. He says that even if the graduate nurses undergo a lot of stress during their transition getting support from the other medical practitioners in the health facilities may improve their development. If the graduate nurses go through a smooth transition, they will offer high-quality services. The seamless transition will also help in reducing the current pressure on recruiting as well as retaining of graduate nurses in Australia. It is because it will reduce the resignation rates of the graduate nurses. (Phillips, Kenny, Ester man, Smith, 2014). Patricia Suresh also wrote an article on stress among the fourth year students as well as newly registered nurses. Patricia primary goal was to know the extent of stress among the newly registered nurses in the health faculty. The clinical nurse specialist also engaged a variety of people and explored their suggestions on stress as well as stressors. In her journal, she says that stress in the workplace has adverse effects on the patients, the health facility as well as the stressed nurse. Stress affects the patients health as it deteriorates since when the nurse has stress, he or she will not give quality services. It also affects the medical practitioner psychologically as well as the patient. She also says stress between the graduate as well as newly registered nurse causes professional practice impairment. Patricia carried out qualitative analysis among the registered nurses as well as the graduate nurses by use of an open-ended question. She did this to know the extent of stress among the new nurses. Her results show that there were high levels of stress in the two groups. They claimed that one of the causes of stress is a tremendous amount of workload per nurse. The significant amount of work was due to the small numbers of nurses in many countries hence the new nurses got fatigued leading to stress. Another cause of stress was the merging of clinical employment and academics hence they had no relaxing time. Another reason that they suggested is harsh working conditions as well as clinical learning necessities that the government did not meet. Therefore, there is a need for the hospital administrators to look for ways to reduce the workload among the nurses as well as mending the working conditions. By doing this, the stakeholders will have reduced stress among the graduate as well as new nurses easing the shift and reducing resignation cases. (Suresh, Matthews Coyne, 2013) The shortage of Nurses The lack of nurses has become an issue of concern among many countries as the health care system is going on deteriorating. In the authors work, he writes about the cause of this because there has been an on-going challenge of the retention as well as recruitment of the nurses. Several studies show that in a variety of the medical facilities the working environments, as well as the need of high commitment in the new graduate nurses, were the most common reasons for the shortage. Zhang Says in his paper that the lack of a robust model having moderators has led to the absence of interventions on how the nurses will remain in the workplace.( Lu, Barriball, Zhang While, 2012) Gutierrez and Carver wrote one of the journals after examining the nurses commitment, the support given to them as well as the job satisfaction. During their studies, they found out that there is a significant shortage of nurses in over 50 countries. (Gutierrez, Candela Carver, 2012).Therefore the lack of the health professionals in this faculty has become a global disaster. Steps were taken to retain as well as recruit a large number of citizens to reduce the vast deficiency of the health professions in the health facilities. Carver and Gutierrez say that there is a need for making the health professionals understands the need of commitment for their retention. After their studies, they noted that the use of mentoring skills as well as good relationships among the employees in the health facilities led to increase in the commitment. It has also resulted in job satisfaction among the graduate nurses. By mentoring the graduate nurses, they appreciate their job as well as the good rel ationship between one another. Another author that supports Gutierrez on the need for mentoring is Omansky. (Chen Lou, 2014). Bredah happel talks about how to reduce the stress factors among the nurses, which include large amounts of work, inadequate personnel and interpersonal matters among others. One of the proposals she suggests is the adjustment of the workload to reduce stress among the new nurses. They can do these by giving right jobs to the new personnel and increasing the workload as the nurses get acquainted in the job. These will reduce the many cases on the resignation. Another problem that causes stress among the newly registered nurses is the shift work. She recommends for changes in shifting hours so that the new healthy professionals will not function at a particular time only. The change of shift hours makes everyone to work at different times hence there will be no complaints of some of the nurses doing more work than others do. The problem of the health care environments can be addressed by knowing the stressors in the faculty and involving the nurses in coming up with the initiatives to use in reducing stress. (Happell et al., 2013) Conclusion In conclusion, it is true to say that changing the life of a student to the workplace comes in with its challenges. This transition experienced in the health faculty is bringing in a lot of problems such as deterioration of health among the patients due to low-quality services, psychological issues among the health professionals as well as the patients. The newly registered health professionals feel overloaded as they undergo since they were not used to the high amounts of work resulting in stress. Despite the large sums of work they also get stressed up because of poor working conditions, equipment, and a weak relationship among the workers as well as the high expectations of the other medical professionals. However, the stakeholders should try to address these issues for instance by increasing the health personnel. In some countries the medical equipments are of low standards hence the doctors get stressed upon the method to use in treating the diseases. The stakeholders in all the countries should embrace some of the recommendations above since good heath is the most necessary thing for every citizen. References Chen, C. M., Lou, M. F. (2014). The effectiveness and application of mentorship programs for recently registered nurses: a systematic review. Journal of nursing management, 22(4), 433-442. Cheng, C. Y., Liou, S. R., Tsai, H. M., Chang, C. H. (2015). Job stress and job satisfaction among new graduate nurses during the first year of employment in Taiwan. International journal of nursing practice, 21(4), 410-418. Chung, C. E., Kowalski, S. (2012). Job stress, mentoring, psychological empowerment, and job satisfaction among nursing faculty. Journal of Nursing Education, 51(7), 381-388. Feng, R. F., Tsai, Y. F. (2012). Socialization of new graduate nurses to practicing nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21(13?14), 2064-2071. Gutierrez, A. P., Candela, L. L., Carver, L. (2012). The structural relationships between organizational commitment, global job satisfaction, developmental experiences, work values, organizational support, and person?organization fit among nursing faculty. Journal of advanced nursing, 68(7), 1601-1614. Happell, B., Dwyer, T., Reid?Searl, K., Burke, K. J., Caperchione, C. M., Gaskin, C. J. (2013). Nurses and stress: recognizing causes and seeking solutions. Journal of nursing management, 21(4), 638-647. Laranjeira, C. A. (2012). The effects of perceived stress and ways of coping in a sample of Portuguese health workers. Journal of clinical nursing, 21(11?12), 1755-1762. Lu, H., Barriball, K. L., Zhang, X., While, A. E. (2012). Job satisfaction among hospital nurses revisited: a systematic review. International journal of nursing studies, 49(8), 1017-1038 Phillips, C., Kenny, A., Esterman, A., Smith, C. (2014). A secondary data analysis examining the needs of graduate nurses in their transition to a new role. Nurse Education in Practice, 14(2), 106-111. Rickard, G., Lenthall, S., Dollard, M., Opie, T., Knight, S., Dunn, S. ... Brewster-Webb, D. (2012). Organisational intervention to reduce occupational stress and turnover in hospital nurses in the Northern Territory, Australia. Collegian, 19(4), 211-221. Rush, K. L., Adamack, M., Gordon, J., Lilly, M., Janke, R. (2013). Best practices of formal new graduate nurse transition programs: An integrative review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 50(3), 345-356. Suresh, P., Matthews, A., Coyne, I. (2013). Stress and stressors in the clinical environment: a comparative study of fourth?year student nurses and newly qualified general nurses in Ireland. Journal of clinical nursing, 22(5-6), 770-779. Theisen, J. L., Sandau, K. E. (2013). Competency of new graduate nurses: A review of their weaknesses and strategies for success. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 44(9), 406-414. Walker, A., Earl, C., Costa, B., Cuddihy, L. (2013). Graduate nurses' transition and integration into the workplace: a qualitative comparison of graduate nurses' and Nurse Unit Managers' perspectives. Nurse education today, 33(3), 291-296. Wu, T. Y., Fox, D. P., Stokes, C., Adam, C. (2012). Work-related stress and intention to quit in newly graduated nurses. Nurse education today, 32(6), 669-674.

The Great Gatsby - The Green Light Essays - The Great Gatsby, Daisy

The Great Gatsby - The Green Light The green light is the vision of his goal: to have Daisy. In a world where Gatsby could essentially obtain anything with his money, Daisy presented a challenge to him, because even she could not be purchased. But when, at last, Gatsby believes that Daisy is his, he no longer idolizes her. Now that he realizes he has her, she is no longer desirable. We come to this presumption when Gatsby states, " Compared to the great distance that had separated him from Daisy (the green light) had seemed very near to her, almost touching her. It had seemed as close as a star to the moon. Now it was again a green light on a dock. His count of enchanted objects had diminished by one." Therefore the green light has no more symbolic meaning to him, and neither does Daisy. I don't believe that in our world today that we have an object that universally symbolizes the same meaning as the green light did. The green light was physically close to him but he thought he could never actually have it, "it" meaning Daisy. Money could be viewed in the same sense. In our society money is everywhere, but for most of us it is difficult to acquire all that is wanted. It is like the saying, "So close but yet so far away." There is money everywhere we go, but it's hard to get it. We can't just rob a bank, we have to earn our own assets. And in the same context, Gatsby could not go kidnap Daisy, he had to woo her and win her love.

The Picture Of Dorian Grey Essay Example For Students

The Picture Of Dorian Grey Essay The Picture of Dorian GreyThis story is about wanting to stay young and not knowing the consequences of such a desire. Everything starts out in Basil Hallwards studio. Basil is a painter that is obsessed with Dorian Grey, a young beautiful gentleman that catches everyones eye. On this particular day, Basil is accompanied by Lord Henry, one of his close friends. Dorian posses for a portrait and then retires to the garden with Lord Henry. They talk about youth and its great importance, about how it shouldnt be taken for granted, etc. When the picture is finished, Dorian makes a simple wish. He asks for his picture to grow old instead of him. We will write a custom essay on The Picture Of Dorian Grey specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Dorian keeps the picture and is fond of his new friend, Lord Henry. They go everywhere together and Henry teaches Dorian new things about life that he never knew existed. Dorian falls in love with an actress from the lower sides of London. But after she messes up in one of her plays, he despises her and decides never to see her again. He goes home and realizes that his picture has changed, it had grown old. The next day he is told that the actress he used to admire had committed suicide. Dorian fells no sorrow and Lord Henry tells him to take it as if it were just part of a play, a tragic scene that had come to a dramatic end. He realizes that his stupid wish had come true, so he decides to hide the painting so no one else can see it. As the years go by, people start to hate the once beloved Dorian Grey. Rumors are spread that he is a bad influence and that evil follows him wherever he goes. Many people dont believe that nonsense, and are still blown away by his ravaging good looks. They cant believe that such a handsome man can do such terrible things. Then one night, Basil visits him. They have a chat about the reputation that Dorian is getting on the streets. Basil tells him that such affairs, as he had been known to be a part off, were bad for the soul. Dorian tells him he no longer has a soul, and decides to show him the picture he once had painted of him. The picture had become horrid, old, and had lost all the beauty it once possessed. Basil is amazed and cant believe his own eyes. Dorian becomes mad at him, he blames him for all that has happened in his life, for he was the one that started the whole thing. Dorian takes a knife and stabs his good friend to death. The next day he gets rid of the body and of all the evidence that can link him to the murder. Dorian continues his life as if nothing had ever happened. A couple of days later, he is confronted by James Vayne, the actresss brother, the one he had sent to her death 18 years before. He wants to kill him for what he had done, but his good looks and his young face save his life. Now everywhere he goes he is afraid of being killed, until one day he goes hunting with a friend, and they shoot Vayne by mistake. Dorian feels without troubles and decides to make good instead of evil. He goes home and stabs the painting that had caused him all this pain. A chilling cry is heard, and his servants enter the room. They find the picture hanging on the wall, as beautiful as it ever was, and their master lying dead on the floor. He had changed into an old horrid figure and was stabbed to death. .ud54c7bb539fb31c77be683891932b152 , .ud54c7bb539fb31c77be683891932b152 .postImageUrl , .ud54c7bb539fb31c77be683891932b152 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud54c7bb539fb31c77be683891932b152 , .ud54c7bb539fb31c77be683891932b152:hover , .ud54c7bb539fb31c77be683891932b152:visited , .ud54c7bb539fb31c77be683891932b152:active { border:0!important; } .ud54c7bb539fb31c77be683891932b152 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud54c7bb539fb31c77be683891932b152 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud54c7bb539fb31c77be683891932b152:active , .ud54c7bb539fb31c77be683891932b152:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud54c7bb539fb31c77be683891932b152 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud54c7bb539fb31c77be683891932b152 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud54c7bb539fb31c77be683891932b152 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud54c7bb539fb31c77be683891932b152 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud54c7bb539fb31c77be683891932b152:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud54c7bb539fb31c77be683891932b152 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud54c7bb539fb31c77be683891932b152 .ud54c7bb539fb31c77be683891932b152-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud54c7bb539fb31c77be683891932b152:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Antigone Creon A True Tragic Hero EssayThis book was an excellent choice because it had a very interesting way of looking at life. At the beginning I thought it would be the usual story, but then as the plot unwraps, one cant leave the book for a second. You always want to know what will happen to Dorian Grey. Grey is an amazing character, at the start he was just blooming like a flower, but under the influence of Lord Henry, he matures and becomes a creature of evil. He realizes his mistakes and wants to change them, but it is too late. This story shows us that you cant have everything forever, one has to live life as one is. Dorian tried to stay young forever and it brou ght him nothing but pain. We cant make such mistakes because we only live once, we have to take Dorians example and make our lives better, and worth living.

Consumerism in Weeks Lintons Article Burden of the Modern Beast

Consumerism in Weeks Lintons Article Burden of the Modern Beast Introduction This paper analyzes impacts of consumer-driven society in the modern culture. Actually, Weeks Linton wrote an article entitled â€Å"Burden of the Modern Beast† to explain effects of consumers-driven custom in human community. Weeks Linton made an exciting study when he observed that people normally carry many belongings during commitments. Indeed, the article asserted that many persons carry bags when moving from one place to another or when doing different activities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Consumerism in Weeks Lintons Article â€Å"Burden of the Modern Beast† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the modern life, people are burdened with much stuff they carry out in their daily events. Actually, modern human being carries much stuff than inhabitants who lived in earlier generation. For example, in 1900s, people who engaged in painting profession never carried complicated stuff. Ne vertheless, in the modern time, painting task has become so much sophisticated due to technological advancement. For instance, modern Laptop holders have pouches meant to carry whole lot of stuff. Weeks Linton viewed that human being carry many belongings because he/she do not want to depend on a fellow being. In fact, such things people carry do not promote community life in human society. Indeed, such people usually become self dependent and isolated from others. For instance, this is evident when modern people engage in portable games, purchase complex Laptop cases, Cell Phones, and IPods (Rosa Eschhol, 2009). Moreover, modern human beings carry much stuff due to the fact that they feel insecure. Actually, people perceive that adversary is always out to attack them. In fact, people carry preferred devices for survival means. In addition, Himes asserts that human life, in the modern era, is much liquefied. Thus, they carry belongings in order to be equipped to engage in various a ctivities such as family commitments, school activities, work occupation, and leisure time (2007). According to Rosa Eschhol, modern people have become concerned whether human gains of material richness have prepared them to acquire happiness in life or not (2009). In fact, modern people are not happy and contented in life. Actually, modern people have incurred too much cost of acquiring materialism at expense of losing integration of community life in society. Modern human being has attained impressive progression in terms of global invention over the last three decades. Indeed, people have access to many material choices. For example, human being has acquired efficient products such as Whistle, Bells, and Gadgets (Fine, 2005). Actually, people have acquired sophisticated devices that efficiently and progressively make human life better. However, modern human being is not faring well simply because he/she sets aside minimal time to share human values with acquaintances. Indeed, pr omotion of environmental and social conscientiousness is a failed approach. Besides, Fine opines that it is important to note that modern people cannot segregate democracy from capitalism (2005). Actually, capitalism flourishes well where democracy deteriorates. However, capitalism has over powered democracy. At present, people refer to modern world as democratic capitalism.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Rosa Eschhol, it is inevitable that consumerism is growing because of increase in rationalization (2009). On the other hand, rationalization is growing because of need for consumerism. Actually, consumption is a real mass phenomenon due to the fact that people have to use goods and services in order to exist in life. Indeed, consumerism is an essential means of survival. In fact, people usually use material possession in order to live. However, rational ization is a blame for modern consumption in human society. Indeed, rationality has promoted people’s search for desired aims. People normally focus on satisfying their wants through consumerism. In addition, Rosa Eschhol opine that materialism is not just objects, but a device in which human being expects to attain visions in social status, reputation, esteem and aspiration (2009). Moreover, consumerism has offered a prospect for people to display and convey their identity (Himes, 2007). In fact, this justifies why people hold material things. Human superficial preoccupation to exterior manifestation of materialism is part of blame and problem. Modern people have been influenced into harmful livelihood due to wickedness of rationality (Rosa Eschhol, 2009). Moreover, consistent involvement in media images and human willingness to be ahead of other people has caused selfish attitude in people who always aspire to acquire massive wealth more than others. Conclusion People nee d to embrace shared human values by abandoning cycles of purchasing and requiring more materialism through establishing consciously essential and legitimate natural life in their human activities. Such attitude is acquired through adopting Godly life. Indeed, people need to be involved in creative social events and resting involvement while minimizing exposure of non-intercreative activity and noise experience. Moreover, power of endurance and patience is helpful to reduce psychological depression and establish God’s inspiration into people’s lives. In fact, people need to explore kindness in many natural ways rather than engaging in quest for individual prosperity accretion. Furthermore, consumers’ culture needs to put their interest on mission of God rather than material possession. Generally, the culture of value attainment is influenced by personal attitude and norms. These norms control property acquisition and belief in inter and intra personal commitment and interaction.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Consumerism in Weeks Lintons Article â€Å"Burden of the Modern Beast† specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Fine, B. (2005). Consumerism in 20th Century Britain: the Search for a Historical Movement. Review of Social Economy, 63, 10-26. Himes, K. (2007). Consumerism and Christine Ethics. Theological Studies, 68, 54-80. Rosa, A., Eschhol, P. (2009). Models for Writers: Short Essays for Composition. 10th ed. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s.

Aids and Society essays

Aids and Society essays The number of newborns infected by vertical transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus is increasing as the prevalence of HIV-positive women increase within the United States. It is estimated that while seven thousand HIV-positive women become pregnant each year, between one thousand and two thousand of their newborns will be HIV-positive. This research paper will concentrate on the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus from mother to child, the benefits of drugs intervention, and whether or not the HIV-screening process of pregnant women should remain voluntary or become mandatory. The HIV-virus has proven that it is not a disease to be taken lightly or ignored. I chose this topic because I want to be informed about the virus and its rate of vertical transmission so that I will be able to inform others about such ethical topics: Does the baby have rights and should a pregnant women be denied her right to privacy with respect to HIV? Data shows that AIDS is now increasing faster among females than males, with women accounting for seven percent of cases in 1985 and nineteen percent in 1995. The incidences of HIV-positive heterosexual women have risen dramatically over the past decade, and AIDS is now the third leading cause of death among women ages twenty-five to forty-four. The one thing that all of these women have in common is that they all are of child bearing age. Consequently, the incidences of HIV-positive newborns have also increased. As mentioned previously, about seven thousand HIV-infected women give birth each year, and about twenty-five percent of their babies are HIV-positive. Maternal transmission accounted for ninety-two percent of all new AIDS cases reported in children in 1994(Davis15). A major breakthrough in drug intervention began in February 1993. The AIDS Clinical Trials Group administered a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study of zi...

A Timeline of the Genocide in Rwanda

A Timeline of the Genocide in Rwanda The 1994 Rwandan Genocide was a brutal, bloody slaughter that resulted in the deaths of an estimated 800,000 Tutsi (and Hutu sympathizers). Much of the hatred between the Tutsi and Hutu stemmed from the ways they were treated under Belgian rule. Follow the increasing stresses within the country of Rwanda, beginning with its  European colonization to independence to genocide. While the genocide itself lasted 100 days, with brutal murders happening throughout, this timeline includes some of the larger mass murders that took place during that time period. Rwanda Genocide Timeline 1894:  Germany colonizes Rwanda. 1918: The Belgians assume control of Rwanda. 1933: The Belgians organize a census and mandate that everyone is issued an identity card classifying them as either Tutsi, Hutu, or Twa. December 9, 1948: The United Nations passes a resolution which both defines genocide and declares it a crime under international law. 1959: A Hutu rebellion begins against the Tutsis and Belgians. January 1961: The Tutsi monarchy is abolished. July 1, 1962: Rwanda gains its independence. 1973: Juvà ©nal Habyarimana takes control of Rwanda in a bloodless coup. 1988: The RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front) is created in Uganda. 1989: World coffee prices plummet. This significantly affects Rwandas economy because coffee was one of its major cash crops. 1990: The RPF invade Rwanda, starting a civil war. 1991: A new constitution allows for multiple political parties. July 8, 1993: RTLM (Radio Tà ©là ©vison des Milles Collines) begins broadcasting and spreading hate. August 3, 1993: The Arusha Accords are agreed upon, opening government positions to both Hutu and Tutsi. April 6, 1994: Rwandan President Juvà ©nal Habyarimana is killed when his plane is shot out of the sky. This is the official beginning of the Rwandan Genocide. April 7, 1994: Hutu extremists begin killing their political opponents, including the prime minister. April 9, 1994: Massacre at Gikondo - hundreds of Tutsis are killed in the Pallottine Missionary Catholic Church. Since the killers were clearly targeting only Tutsi, the Gikondo massacre was the first clear sign that a genocide was occurring. April 15-16, 1994: Massacre at the Nyarubuye Roman Catholic Church - thousands of Tutsi are killed, first by grenades and guns and then by machetes and clubs. April 18, 1994: The Kibuye Massacres. An estimated 12,000 Tutsis are killed after sheltering at the Gatwaro stadium in Gitesi. Another 50,000 are killed in the hills of Bisesero. More are killed in the towns hospital and church. April 28-29: Approximately 250,000 people, mostly Tutsi, flee to neighboring Tanzania. May 23, 1994: The RPF takes control of the presidential palace. July 5, 1994: The French establish a safe zone in the southwest corner of Rwanda. July 13, 1994: Approximately one million people, mostly Hutu, begin fleeing to Zaire (now called the Democratic Republic of the Congo). mid-July 1994: The Rwanda Genocide ends when the RPF gains control of the country. The Rwandan Genocide ended 100 days after it began, but the aftermath of such hatred and bloodshed will take decades, if not centuries, from which to recover.

Explain the four major cultural dimensions identified by hofsted Research Paper

Explain the four major cultural dimensions identified by hofsted - Research Paper Example The four dimensions will be focused upon with respect to USA and other three countries from Europe, Asia and Latin America. Determining a culture of any given country is essential for any business. International business depends upon cultures of different countries in designing their policies; barriers within these cultures are worked upon in an effort to formulate a harmonized culture. In profiling countries based on Hofstede’s cultural dimension, the research will focus on data and indexes provide for in the Hofstede Centre website. Each country will be profiled based on given scores. The score will be done on three countries. These countries are the USA, Mexico, Japan and Germany. The scores will be used to identify suitable environments for setting up a business. The barriers from the chosen country will be focused upon thus allowing an analysis of these barriers and identifying models that will overcome the barriers. The four countries where identified due to their uniqueness in terms of geographical location, government policies and cultural differences. Recommendations will be made based on the suitable country to set up a business (The Hofstede Centre, 2010). The United States of America has a higher score in individualism compared to other cultural dimensions. Individualism had a score of 91, power distance had a score of 40, and masculinity scored 62 while Uncertainty avoidance scored 46. In the case of Mexico, uncertainty avoidance scored highly compared to other dimensions. Individualism scored lowly compared to the three dimensions (The Hofstede Centre, 2010). The scores for this country where; individualism at 30, masculinity at 69, uncertainty avoidance at 82 while Power distance at 81. Japan on the other hand had a high score on Masculinity at 95 and a lower score of 46 on individualism. Power Distance scored an average score of 54 while Uncertainty had an averagely high score of 92. In Germany,

Intelligent Building Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Intelligent Building - Assignment Example e process is very vital when designing an intelligent building and they are designed to meet the social and environmental needs and have enough availability of resources. Intelligent buildings help people work more effectively and efficiently and it is, therefore, easy to cope with the social and technological changes. These intelligent buildings are designed by the architectures those have knowledge and skills on the same and not anyone who can do that. To come up with an intelligent construction is not easy, but with the help of today’s technology, things have been simplified. To bring out an intelligent building, it must be well designed, constructed and implemented. This will attract many people leading to high demand hence high profitability. The main reason for every organization is to earn income. An integrated construction helps people carry out their businesses easier by integrating all the processes and resources together and this saves time and energy. The total time that is expected to be used to accomplish a job is reduced hence saving energy. Technology has reduced manpower and labor hence making work easier and faster. Design: This process requires more work and thus, a little more cash. The resource executives have to learn on how to justify the added costs for longer design time, additional processes and non-standard equipment (Smith, 2010). This step requires more interaction with new designers for them to make design work easier. Even though they find it difficult, they have to forge the relationships with members of a design team. This helps them get new ideas that help them in designing process and these other members of the team also make contributions during the whole process. This step is the most critical stage since it is from the design where by contractors come up with an intelligent building and if the design is not excellent, the total results will not be excellent too. Construction: In integrated design process, there are

Marketing strategy of Pizza Hut in the U.S Term Paper

Marketing strategy of Pizza Hut in the U.S - Term Paper Example The firm currently employs 160000 people in and outside the United States. The firm had a net sales value of $12.6 billion at the end of 2013, a figure that almost double of the closest rival, Domino. The paper will analyze the different strategies that pizza hut uses to create and maintain a customer base. It also analyses the market using the standard porter five forces that include, competition analysis, threats of new entrants, and threats of substitutes and bargaining power of suppliers and buyers. Moreover, the paper will deal with marketing strategies, the 5 P’s in chapter 2. Currently, Pizza Hut ranks first among pizza vendors in terms of market share and sales. The firm has several well off competitors whose worth in the market is worrisome for Pizza hut. Some of the major competitors are Domino, Little Caesars and Papa John’s. The competitors are engaged in similar trade as pizza hut and their success in the industry is harmful to Pizza Hut. Domino Inc. is ranked second in sales after pizza hut. The firm is number eight in the overall quick food category. This implies that the firm offers stiff competition worthy of consideration. Given that the firm offers related services just like pizza hut, it is expected that its growth would bite into the market share of pizza hut, thus, there is a strong business rivalry between the firms in which every side want to be the market leader. Papa John’s also offers quick services like Pizza Hut. The firm is third in the business in terms of sales. Business rivalry between the firm and pizza hut is often founded on the fact that they it offers exact related services like pizza hut. For success, pizza hut must consider the impact of market dynamics about the firm. Little Caesar comes in third, in the industry. Pizza Hut has been able to fend off the competitive rivalry using various marketing tools. First, the company takes on offensive product promotion with

Illustrations for Children-The Visual Perceptual development at an Research Paper

Illustrations for Children-The Visual Perceptual development at an early age - Research Paper Example The objectives of teaching in the visual literacy field include enhancing the visual perception development of children. Basically, identification of differences in visual aspects would be carried out. These aspects consist of color, shape, lime, movement, texture, and other characteristics. The field of visual literacy particularly concerns a child’s worldview; how s/he responds to the things s/he sees; how s/he views, senses, and understands feelings induced; and how s/he makes opinions about visual media. This essay discusses the impact of illustrations and pictures on children’s visual perceptual development, as well as on the reading and comprehension learning processes of emergent readers. Development of visual perception is thought to be helpful in enhancing children’s creative, writing, reading, and cognitive abilities. Stieglitz (2008) emphasizes that seeing is the most essential and fundamental source of information about the world (as cited in Machado, 2012, 154). Seeing does not only include the eyes, but the brain as well. Components of the process of visual perception are eye receptors, the visual stimulus, light, the person’s previous experiences, past belief and knowledge, and the person’s emotions and motives at a given time. Some experts propose that the visual literacy domain must be incorporated with speaking, listening, reading, and writing. They also propose teaching that is genuine, is natural, and engages children in brainstorming or problem-solving activities. Teaching, they argue, should be orderly, clear, and direct. Storytelling activities using illustrations or photos, stimulating the children’s interpretation of what the story is all about after seeing a cover of a children’s book, and talking about children’s creative work and the specifics within or their feelings provide teachers ideas into the children’s thoughts. Such exercises also expose children’s capacity to read and interpret visual

DEVASTATION DONE BY ATOMIC BOMB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

DEVASTATION DONE BY ATOMIC BOMB - Essay Example And concludes by stating the preferred measures that should be put into account so as to minimize terrorism. Atomic bomb devastation of the Nagasaki and Hiroshima caused the death of approximately 73,884 and 140,000 individuals respectively, and the bombing injured many more. Yokota, Mine, & Shibata, (2013, 22), states that An atomic bomb brings about blasts, radiation and heat rays that affect survivors by making them develop the disease known as atomic bomb disease. Moreover, to date some of the victims of the atomic still suffer from these diseases. The devastations caused by these bombs are numerous including house destructions as seen in the case of Nagasaki city. The flash of heat cause the temperature of the surfaces to rise as high as that of the sun causing individuals bodies to burn immensely than the normal burns. These injuries later on turn into running sores. Those close to the area of the explosion looked yellowish red while those far away reported a bright blue-white light that resembled burning magnesium The effect of this heat rays on materials included the burning of wooden fences, clothing’s, among others that were in the proximity. Also, roof tile surfaces became bubbly and rough after being exposed to heat rays. In addition, the blast of atomic bombs possesses a tremendous force, which blew away and flattened buildings. This affected many individuals by crushing them to death if they were under the collapsed buildings. Additionally, it can start and spread fire due to blasts and heat rays. Radiation is another cause of the atomic bomb, this radiations penetrate the body of human beings and affect a number of cells, thus bringing about the breakdown of various body parts and organs. Additionally, radiation causes anemia, bleeding, destruction of intestinal fluids and the stomach, decrease in white cell count and bone marrow destruction. Victims of radiation normally pass on within a period of thirty days (Kodama, Ozasa, & Okubo,

Vitamin D as Hormone Essay Example for Free

Vitamin D as Hormone Essay INTRODUCTION: Bioactive vitamin D or calcitriol is a steroid hormone that has long been known for its important role in regulating body levels of calcium and phosphorus, and in mineralization of bone. More recently, it has become clear that receptors for vitamin D are present in a wide variety of cells, and that this hormone has biologic effects which extend far beyond control of mineral metabolism. Vitamin D is thus not a true vitamin, as it can be synthesized in adequate amounts by most mammals exposed to sunlight (cats and dogs cannot synthesize vitamin D and must receive it in their diet). An organic chemical compound (or related set of compounds) is only scientifically called a vitamin when it cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism, and must be obtained from their diet. However, as with other compounds commonly called vitamins, vitamin D was discovered in an effort to find the dietry substance that was lacking in a disease, namely, rickets, the childhood form of osteomalacia. ROLE OF VITAMIN D IN REGULATION OF SEVERAL GENES: The vitamin D hormones have essential roles in human health. Vitamin D hormones act by binding to and activating the vitamin D receptor (VDR) to regulate the expression of genes in a tissue-specific manner. Vitamin D hormones regulate blood calcium levels by controlling intestinal absorption of dietary calcium and reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys. Concomitantly, vitamin D hormones also suppress the production of the calcium regulating hormone, parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is produced by the parathyroid glands. The vitamin D hormones also participate in the regulation of cellular differentiation and growth, as well as bone formation and metabolism. Additionally, vitamin D hormones are required for the normal functioning of the musculoskeletal, immune and renin-angiotensin systems. There is a growing body of evidence linking vitamin D insufficiency with cognitive and neural dysfunction. The widespread beneficial effects of vitamin D hormones are continually being elucidated through studies directed to the intracellular VDR and the corresponding networks of VDR-responsive genes in nearly every human tissue. It is becoming evident that vitamin D insufficiency has a widespread and significant impact on a number of key physiological systems. METABOLISM OF VITAMIN D: Both forms of vitamin D undergo identical metabolism . Some evidence indicates that vitamin D2 may be metabolized more rapidly than vitamin D3, but with regular daily intake they can be considered bioequivalent. Both forms of vitamin D are converted to 25-hydroxyvitamin [25(OH)D] in the liver, and the serum level of 25(OH) D is measured to determine the adequacy of vitamin D status. In the kidney, 25(OH)D is hydroxylated to 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1, 25(OH)2 D], which is the only biologically active form of vitamin D. Acting principally on the duodenum, 1, 25(OH)2 D increases calcium absorption. It also acts on bone cells, both osteoblasts and osteoclasts, to mobilize calcium. The synthesis of 1, 25(OH)2 D is tightly regulated and stimulated primarily by serum parathyroid hormone THE VITAMIN D RECEPTER AND MECHANISM OF ACTION: The vitamin D system is unique in that distinct calcium homeostatic functions and cell growth regulatory activities are mediated through a single ligand, calcitriol, acting through a specific receptor exhibiting ubiquitous tissue expression, the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The VDR is a member of a superfamily of nuclear steroid hormone receptors which regulate gene transcription by interacting with response elements in gene promoters. Structure-function analysis of the VDR protein has defined distinct domains involved in DNA binding, ligand binding, receptor dimerisation and gene transactivation, including a C-terminal activation function domain (AF-2) that is important for cofactor interaction. A model for regulation of gene transcription by the VDR is evolving and proposes VDR interaction with various components of the basal transcriptional machinery, including newly defined coactivators and corepressors, which may act to regulate gene transcription by altering histone acetylation and chromatin structure. This review describes the vitamin D endocrine system and the role of the VDR in regulating this system, including the molecular basis for the diverse actions of synthetic calcitriol analogues in the treatment of autoimmune disease and cancer. ROLE OF VITAMIN D AS HORMONE Vitamin D and Bone Cell Activity: Approximately 60 genes are known to respond to vitamin D. Many of these vitamin D responsive genes are expressed by the bone forming cells (osteoblasts) which include: * type I collagen. * alkaline phosphatase, * osteocalcin * tumour necrosis factor ligand member (RANKL) Tumour necrosis factor ligand member (RANKL) is central to osteoclastogenesis. The bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts) also express vitamin D-responsive genes. It is evident that 1,25(OH)2D plays a major role in controlling osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption through its modulation of the RANKL gene in osteoblasts. Bone mineralization: These types of results are increasing interest in the view that the modulation of vitamin D activity within bone cells, either through the vitamin D receptor or metabolism of vitamin D, has effects on the levels of bone mineral. It is through such a mechanism that higher levels of vitamin D in the elderly may provide protection against hip fractures. Cancer prevention: Role of vitamin D in prostate cancer: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men in the United States. Developing new treatment strategies is critical to improving the health of men. Our research has focused on four areas in which we have pursued the possible use of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) and its analogs to treat prostate cancer.The results of a clinical trial of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) treatment of patients with early recurrent prostate cancer. We provide preliminary evidence that 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) may be effective in slowing the rate of PSA rise in selected cases of prostate cancer. In conclusion, we believe that 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) has a role in thetreatment and/or prevention strategies being developed for prostate cancer. However, to increase antiproliferative potency without increasing side-effects, the use of less calcemic analogs appears to be the most reasonable approach. Role of vitamin D in breast cancer: In addition to its role in calcium homeostasis and bone health, vitamin D has also been reported to have anticancer activities against many cancer types, including breast cancer. The discovery that breast epithelial cells possess the same enzymatic system as the kidney, allowing local manufacture of active vitamin D from circulating precursors, makes the effect of vitamin D in breast cancer biologically plausible. Preclinical and ecologic studies have suggested a role for vitamin D in breast cancer prevention. Inverse associations have also been shown between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level (25(OH)D) and breast cancer development, risk for breast cancer recurrence, and mortality in women with early-stage breast cancer. Clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation, however, have yielded inconsistent results. Regardless of whether or not vitamin D helps prevent breast cancer or its recurrence, vitamin D deficiency in the U.S. population is very common, and the adverse impact on bone health, a particular concern for breast cancer survivors, makes it important to understand vitamin D physiology and to recognize and treat vitamin D deficiency. In this review, we discuss vitamin D metabolism and its mechanism of action. We summarize the current evidence of the relationship between vitamin D and breast cancer, highlight ongoing research in this area, and discuss optimal dosing of vitamin D for breast cancer prevention. Role of vitamin D in auto immune diseases: Vitamin D and its prohormones have been the focus of a growing number of studies in past years, demonstrating their function not only in calcium metabolism and bone formation, but also their interaction with the immune system, which is not surprising, since vitamin D receptors are expressed in different tissues, such as brain, heart, skin, bowel, gonads, prostate, breasts, and immune cells, as well as bones, kidneys, and parathyroid glands.Current studies have related vitamin D deficiency with several autoimmune disorders, including insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In view of those associations, it has been suggested that vitamin D is an extrinsic factor capable of affecting the prevalence of autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D seems to interact with the immune system through its actions on the regulation and differentiation of cells like lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells (NK), besides interfering in the in vivo and in vitro production of cytokines. Among the immunomodulatory effects demonstrated we should mention: a reduction in the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon (INFÃŽ ³), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF); inhibition of the expression of IL-6; and inhibition of the secretion and production of autoantibodies by B lymphocytes. Vitamin D modulation of immune responses: Dendritic cells (DCs) are primary targets for the immunomodulatory activity of 1, 25(OH)2D3, as indicated by inhibited DC differentiation and maturation, leading to downregulated expression of MHC-II, costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80 and CD86) and decreased production of IL-12. Moreover, 1, 25(OH)2D3 enhances IL-10 production and promotes DC apoptosis. Together, these effects of 1, 25(OH)2D3 inhibit DC-dependent T-cell activation. In particular, the active synthesis of 1, 25(OH)2D3 seems to exert an autoregulatory function by inhibiting the differentiation of monocyte precursors into immature DCs and the subsequent ability of the immature DCs to undergo terminal differentiation in response to maturation stimuli. FIG. Mechanisms involved in vitamin D modulation of the immune responses. DCs are primary targetsfor the immunomodulatory activity of 1, 25(OH)2D3, as indicated by inhibited DC differentiation and maturation, together with inhibition of differentiation of monocyte precursors into immature DCs. 1, 25(OH)2D3 suppresses Th1 (and Th17)driven cytokine responses, induces Treg cells, induces IL-4 production (Th2) and enhances NKTcell function. Differentiation and maturation of B cells is also inhibited. Th are CD4+ helper cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th3-Treg, Th17) originating from naÄ ±ve T cell (Th0). Thin arrows (left) indicate cytokines that induce differentiation of Th0 cells and thicker arrows (right) indicate cytokines produced by activated Th cell subsets. All T cells that have been tested express the VDR. B cells and NKT cells are also reported.The yellow circles indicate the cytokines/activities inhibited by vitamin D.On the contrary, the green circles indicate the cytokines enhanced by vitaminD. Conclusions: Knowledge of the physiology and pathology of vitamin D is currently increasing at a rapid rate. The realisation that vitamin D can act in a paracrine and autocrine manner in addition to its well-described endocrine action opens up considerable opportunities for the development of new understanding of the requirement for an adequate vitamin D status for optimal health. It is encouraging that the relatively simple and cheap practice of maintaining an adequate vitamin D status has the potential to provide health benefits in a number of areas, which afflict an increasing proportion of the population, as well as consume an increasing proportion of the healthcare budget to provide treatment. The reduction of the risk of hip fracture in the elderly is one such area. A high priority of research must be to identify the critical 25OHD values required to maintain a healthy skeleton in the elderly. As well research must determine whether a low vitamin D status influences the development of cancer, whether it increases the absolute risk of cancer or whether it modulates the growth or invasiveness of cancers. Clinical laboratory professionals have a responsibility to improve the precision and accuracy of current 25OHD assays in clinical use. This work will require the collaboration between the profession and instrument and reagent manufacturers. The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine is in an optimal position to coordinate such a project.

Business Process Reengineering in Service Sector

Business Process Reengineering in Service Sector Over the years, there has been a realization that for all businesses, manufacturing or service, change is key to success. Increasing costs, challenging timelines, cutthroat competition, and technological innovations are some of the major factors propelling change. Since most of the services are people / process oriented, the change is not easy to carry. Add to it, the fast vanishing geographical boundaries make the tasks even more difficult for the organizations. Whether the company operates in manufacturing sector or in services; organizations have been forced to rethink their strategies. Many a time, service sector has been ahead of manufacturing in the Business Process Reengineering queue. Improved Product / Service quality, reduced cycle time, reduced cost to the customer are direct outcomes of BPR. BPR is essentially different from other changes in an organization that it defies the Old wine in a new bottle principle. Business Process Reengineering is by definition, the means by which an organization can achieve radical change in performance as measured by cost, cycle time, service, and quality, by the application of a variety of tools and techniques that focus on the business as a set of related customer-oriented core business processes rather than a set of organizational functions. The shift is imminent. Competition is now global as against Local or regional in the past. Markets are focused in comparison to Mass. Operations are flexible in contrast to controlled. The focus is on Best service than performance. BPR is the answer as it talks of radical change vis-a-vis Traditional approach which limits itself to incremental changes. Business Process Reengineering involves tinkering with the organizations DNA and producing an evolved species. The mistake companies tend to make is pick the wrong process to be reengineered, or make only superficial changes. According to James A. Champy one of the founders of the management theory behind Business Process Reengineering, and proponent of a process oriented view of business management, BPR is not just about reducing cost but also improving quality, speed to market and changing the customer experience. Why BPR? The changing economic environment has led to an increasing interest in improving organizational processes to enhance business performance. BPR has been instrumental in success of various organizations. Sidikat, Ayanda (2008) in paper titiled, Impact Assessment of Business Process Reengineering on Organisational Performance concluded that business process reengineering has become useful weapon for any corporate organization that is seeking for improvement in their current organizational performance and intends achieve cost leadership strategy in its operating industry and environment. Different objectives of BPR include: Reduced transaction process time Improved customer service Increased volume of business Reduced operating cost Higher profitability Improved Employee loyalty Key enablers of BPR BPR involves a rationale change at every level of organization starting with top management. The most important thing to keep in mind while implementing any such exercise is to work across processes and not functions. Equally important is to have a strong internal team that is working on the implementation. Key enablers of BPR can be listed as follows: People Management Leadership Organizational Culture Functional Expertise Instantaneous reaction Performance Indictors Quality, Lead Time, Cost, Service Service Sector in India The service sector has experienced rapid growth over the years as many nations including India shifted from a manufacturing-based economy to a service economy. A major spur in this shift happened as a result of computerization and advancements in telecommunication. Along with this shift, the consumers expectations have grown manifold. It is extremely difficult to meet desired service levels in todays age without a shift from age old systems to high-tech advanced systems. Before discussing about BPR in service sector, a brief list of different Service sectors is as follows. Trade Hotels and Restaurants Railways Other Transport Storage Communication (Post, Telecom) Banking Insurance Dwellings, Real Estate Business Services Public Administration; Defense Personal Services Community Services Other Services BPR Service Sector Though Business Process Reengineering has been instrumental in changing the fate of many manufacturing industries, it has played an equally pivotal role in service sector. Additional Ps People Process that differentiate Services from Products along with PhysicaI Evidence are the most important drivers leading to this overhaul. Suzanne Wintrob (1995) in research paper titled It wont work if users kept in dark discussed the incomparable role of people in Business Process Reengineering. According to Sunil Chandiramani, National Director Advisory services, Ernst Young, The external team (consultants) can facilitate the process, but it has to be led by the internal team. In recent past, many service sector companies have successfully seen the transition from being overloaded with papers to technology driven time-saving systems. In India, with government giving a go-ahead to private players in 90s, public sector companies felt the heat and started losing market share to private counterparts. The private companies implemented modern centralized core processing systems. Banking is one of many Indian industries where this transition holds true. Indian Post and Indian Railways are other two takers of this dynamism. Banking Finance Public Sector Banks in India are the building blocks of Indian economy. Ironically, they had been deprived of all modernized systems till late 90s. They offered the most basic services such as manual deposits and withdrawals as compared to a bouquet of services such as facility of ATM, 24-hour banking, E-banking, M-banking provided today. State Bank of India is one such example which had undertaken a massive computerization effort to automate all its branches, implementing a highly customized version of Bankmaster core banking system. However, because of Banks historic use of manual systems void of centralization and problems in communication systems, it had to resort to decentralized system to start with. The need for reengineering arose because SBI along with other public sector counterparts started losing existing customers and were handicapped to tap the ever growing potential of middle class. In 2000, SBI engaged KPMG for this overhaul and in 2002, KPMG recommended an IT driven systems to counter the private players led competition. To start with 3300 branches were selected for implementation which was later expanded to 14600 of SBI affiliate branches considering unparalleled success. SBI planned to provide a single window system, better customer service, wanted to reach out to urban as well as rural population and control the customer switching along with many other objectives that it sought. The biggest problem that drove this restructuring for this Public sector giant was that since branches were not connected, the customer was a Branch customer rather than a Bank customer. Moreover Information Technology till now, was aimed only at Internal efficiency. Hence, it was planned to share operations for back-office functions and rework the workflows and processes. Indian Postal System BPR has aimed at radical improvements by means of elevating efficiency and effectiveness of the business processes that exist within and across department. The key for BPR is to look at business processes from a clean slate perspective and determine how they can best construct these processes to improve the way business is conducted. Department of Posts occasionally conducts workshops related to BPR involving the people such as Nodal Officers who are part of BPR strategy and implementation. India Post has been making several upgradations to existing systems and has started offering bouquet of services such as Money Transfers, One-stop bill payment (Telephone, electricity), Driving license renewals etc. Speed Post, started by Department of Posts in August 1986 for providing time-bound and express delivery of letters documents and parcels across the nation and abroad, is the market leader in the domestic express industry. Through ePOST service launched in 2004, customers can send their messages to any address in India with a combination of electronic transmission and physical delivery through a network of more than 1,55,000 Post Offices. ePOST sends messages as a soft copy through internet and delivered to the addressee in the form of hard copy at nominal charge of Rs 10 per A4 sheet. ePayment is a comprehensive bill payment service offered by India Post to help meet the needs of the business customers.  This allows collection of bills (telephone bills, electricity bills, university fee, school fee, insurance premia etc) on behalf of any organization. The collection is consolidated electronically using web based software and payment is made centrally through cheque from a specified post office. The payment information can be assessed online by the user. Instant Money Order (iMO), the instant on-line money transfer service, provides speed, mobility, safety and reliability for money transfer. IMO is an instant web based money transfer service through Post Offices (iMO Centre) in India between two resident individuals in Indian territory. Though the number of services offered is many, still huge gaps exist in quality as compared to international standards. To enable Department of Posts to achieve the business objectives of becoming the IT enabled complete service provider, Project Management Unit have been entrusted with the task of creating state of the art electronic network covering all its offices and all products and services including third party services and enable electronic transmission of information for conducting monitoring operations, consolidating transactions data and generating an effective MIS. Business Process Reengineering groups were formed and their reports are being evaluated by concerned Divisions of Directorate, which would form the base to make the comprehensive IT strategy and roadmap for Department of Posts. Indian Railways Its been long since computerized passenger reservation system was started by Indian Railways. Today the reservation related workload has increased manifold but railways have been able to manage the work without much increase in manpower. Different systems incorporated by railways includes- Software Aided Train Scheduling Network Governance Main objectives of train scheduling are that it should be convenient to the passenger and feasible to run on the system. Introducing new train services and augmenting older ones is an art and a select group of planners are highly skilled in this task. Indian Railways have now started using information technology to aid the planning process. Web Enabled Claims System The worlds biggest employer, the Indian Railways, which earlier used to prepare various claim (Court/Accident) documents manually, has shifted to web claims format which maintains up to date database of all such cases. Thereby, eliminating complex file maintenance providing for queries that gives the precise status of registered cases in Chief Claims Office. Punctuality Module This module was implemented in February, 2004. This module captures the delays involved in train running at interchange points and detention causes for the delays at the divisional level. Based on this input, reports are generated for traffic managers. CONCERT Country-wide Network for Computerized Enhanced Reservation and Ticketing developed by CRIS, is a total networking solution to Indian Railways Passenger Reservation System. Seat Availability/PNR/Journey Planner/Fare/Time Table enquiries and e-Reservation of tickets are available on the internet. Along with above initiatives, ATM integration with reservation/enquiry system is being planned as well. A number of Banks in India shall be issuing Reserved and Unreserved Tickets through their ATMs under an arrangement with Zonal Railways. It is not only the old stalwarts who have reengineered. Even the private sector and novice companies in upcoming sectors have seen this change. For Spencers, RPG Groups retail chain, massive ramp-up in operations necessitated a series of restructurings. The chain planned to increase from an area of 2.5 lakh square feet to 15 lakh square ft i.e. from 52 to 400 stores. This meant that the older systems were no longer adequate. Hence, instead of doing an incremental improvement on the existing processes, the company introduced an automatic replenishment system. This has resulted in decreased stockouts and increasing efficiency. It may be concluded that BPR initiatives have less to do with controlling costs and more about managing business, which underlines the importance of this concept.