How to Become a Effective Teacher Essay

In general, education is a term often used to refer to formal education, which covers a range of experiences, from formal learning to the building of understanding and knowledge through day-to-day experiences. In fact, individuals receive informal education from a variety of sources, such as family members, peers, books and mass media. All of them have exerted a strong influence on informal education of the individual. On the other hand, throughout the processes of teaching and learning, education can also refer to a wide variety of discipline such as computer science, chemistry, health science, society and linguistics, etc. Undoubtedly, in almost all societies, attending school and receiving an education is extremely vital and necessary if one wants to achieve success or even want to obtain an entrance ticket to a better social ranking; however, common sense is sometimes hard to learn from the books directly ¾one can have all the book knowledge in certain professional field, but formal education wont get him or her far if a individual dont know how to behave with his or her co-workers, superiors, and or even family members. In my understandings, education should be comprised by formal and informal studies, and should be carried out in the process through out ones lifetime. More importantly, education cannot be succeeded without motivation. A high-quality education is really essential for an individuals success in todays society. Without a good quality education how would the next generation be able to compete for jobs? Todays new technologies are becoming more and more intricate to run. Life is not easy; if you dont have the knowledge as everyone else dose. Most likely, you will not be as successful as the one with the higher education. According to Bonnie Neff, my high school English teacher, knowledge is the key to success! As for me, I know that the knowledge I gained will be a great tool to implement later in the future. Comprehending something new, will let me visualize and expand the knowledge that I already have to a greater extent. There was a discussion in one of my class last year, one of my teachers was telling me about why there were so many students failing, and falling behind on the required subjects. Teachers are confronted with the problem of keeping up with the fast pace at which kids are expected to learn today. That one particular discussion made me wondered what it is like to become a teacher?And what approach does to a teacher have to take to get to students, to come up with ideas to help their student to stay on the right track? With a strong effort by teachers even the most limited student can have a higher education. Now, that Im tutoring in an elementary, kindergarten to be exact. Ive been helping Mrs. Le with her students for about two months. In her classroom, I was pretty amazed by the way how her students were so eager and enthusiastic while learning something new. Ive realized that once you pull off the difficult challenge of providing the student needs, its a breather to know that, youve done your job. Now, your student feels like he can accomplish any goals he or she sets for. In my opinion, I think that this is why teachers love their job because theyre passing down the knowledge that he or she had collected and are making a difference in their students life. It takes a lot of hard work to become a good teacher. Good teachers must not only know their subject matter extremely well but also be sensitive to their students feelings to ensure that everyone in the class feels that they can be successful. (Calhoun 11). A successful teacher starts with the proper credentials. The road to become a competent and certificated teacher is both challenging and rewarding. (Shockley and Cutlip 21). In order, for you to become a teacher you have to decide upon a major and a minor teaching field. Your major is the area of the studies in which you will become most expert on. It requires more courses, more time, more work, and more attention but it will pay off to a great extent in the future. (Shockley, and Cutlip 43). You need to make a choice on the grade level or subject area for your major. You can either choose to teach in an elementary school, secondary school, or college. During the years of college you have to take curriculum requirements such as: general education, fine arts, humanities, history, science, mathematics, and social science. A typical college, which operates on a semester basis, requires 123 total credits hours for a bachelors degree. (Shockley, and Cutlip 22). In addition, prospect teachers face challenge during the early years of teaching. Getting accustomed to the hard work required in the classroom and responsibilities involved in teaching can be extremely tough for new teachers. (Calhoun 8). There are specific traits and qualities that can be useful to help and understand what the students are going through. You must have patience, creativity, preparation, and discipline. Last, to get an insight view of being a tutor I had an interview with Gabriel Melano, a Communication studies tutor in Sacramento City College and readying tutor at the Sacramento Unified District. Whether, you deiced to teach in an elementary school, high school or in college just have in mind that you need to have patience and creativity with all of your students. When you are trying to help someone learn, having patience is an essential necessity (Calhoun 14). These students are undergoing vast developmental changes that require a lot of attention and sensitivity. (Calhoun 22). At the early childhood level, teaching these youngsters is less focused on curriculum and content and more on motivating the children to learn and influencing their self esteem. The teacher must establish an environment conducive to learning on which developing mind can grow and expand. (Calhoun 20). Teaching in high school filled with teenagers is a bit different than teaching younger kids. Not just the age different, but also they way these teens think of themselves. You must understand that, during this stage of development, teens are seek their own personal style and identity. (Calhoun 24). A High school teacher must be able to inspire and motivate so that the learning will continue to take place despite all of the other challenges that the students are facing. (Calhoun 25). Having a keen understanding of this age group and being familiar to how students develop affects his or her learning style. Some student might be afraid to speak up to ask for help. By having patience is a way to gain the insight thought of your students need of learning. Every child learns differently so donÂ’t ever come to a conclusion. Youngster absorbs information and develops skills at his or her pace. (Keogh 3). Youngster might be confused with the way how you are trying to teach a specific subject. By being creative and trying to figure out tiny ways to help your students to comprehend show that youre willing to do what it takes for him or her to learn. The activities are much more teacher-directed as in the rest of the school program, and pencil-and- paper tasks are required for sustained period of time. (Calhoun 57). Letters names, letter recognition, colors, shapes, sizes, games, and other relationships are expected of kindergarten students. (Calhoun 57). If a student is a visual learner teacher can use flash cards with pictures to get through a point of what they are trying to get them to know. Teachers can make teaching fundamental for students. Teachers can use different ideas of how to approach something they are trying to teach and find many different ways to help students learn. Students know the name of the subject, and they can use their imagination to present the material in the way that student can understand. (Calhoun 14). By having, creativity is what makes the classroom come alive, and it is what helps student learn and appreciate learning. (Calhoun 15). Teachers who are models of organization and preplanning not only help their students learn but also show them how to be organized themselves. (Calhoun 16). When a teacher shows that he or she know what is important, then the student will be more responsible in doing their work. Designing a good lesson plan help put with time consuming because you already got everything all set. As students grew older you might have to be more discipline. This age of groups is extremely active, and the learning environment must be challenging for them. (Calhoun 22 and 23). If a student tends to get bored, they can find their own avenues for relieving themselves from boredom. They usually, take the form of some kind of classroom disruption. When this happens, you have to find a way to prevent this from happening again. For younger kids, all it takes for them to stop playing or goofing around is when you tell them that you plan on calling his or her parents and have a little talk with them with the way how he or she is behaving inappropriate. So, once a young kid hears that treat about calling her or his parents the kid usually start to pay attention again. When it comes to high school teenager it doesnt work that way. In ways, high school teenagers need more discipline to control their behavior. This is the age where they feel to overwhelm with everything. Having a good communication with the teenager can help you understand why they tend to act up in the classroom. On my interview with Gabriel Melano I had asked him a few questions about being a mentor. The first question that I had asked him was, what inspired you to become a tutor? He responded, During elementary school I started helping other students out and it made me felt good inside about myself. Knowing that you make a difference on someone elses life and their gratitude just makes me feel like I have a good purpose in life. The next question that I had asked him was, What has been his biggest challenge so far? He responded, My biggest challenge as a tutor has been motivating children who many have given up on. There are students who set their mind and wont even try to learn. It makes me sad to see someone so young being pessimistic. The next question that I had asked was, Do you feel like you have accomplished anything so far? Gabriel, I am happy to say that every time when a student succeeds I succeed. I also learn a great deal from every student to work with. Last, question that I had asked Mr. Gabriel, Do you have any type of skills to make teaching easier? His answer: Patience with kids.Teachers are the people who are able to bring out the best in others. These are the people that can be able to combines two important types of learning and making the best out of it. When students feel unsuccessful and under-appreciated, they can lose their desire to work hard and can begin to believed that they are less talented or worthy than their classmates. (Calhoun 11). Teachers who possess quality by having patience, creativity, and discipline often receive visits and letter of gratitude from their students long after they have graduated. Teachers should be more appreciated from all those hard work that they put us through. Our teachers wanted us the students to feel more prepare as we go on with the next challenge ahead of us. They were leading our hand to face the Reality of this world called life. Thank you so much for all the things that youve done for us to be where we are at right now.

Empire On The Development Of British Essay

In 1715, Great Britain ended the War of the Spanish Succession as an emergent imperial power, with a new base at Gibraltar and her naval victory at Malaga. Over the next century, she became as a true world power. Her emergence as an intellectual and scientific power helped stimulate the growth of her empire, and in the empire in turn fostered the blossoming of the scientific and intellectual life in Britain. , England’s quest for colonies came late. In 1600, she had no permanent settlements outside of Europe. 1 In the seventeenth century, however, this had changed dramatically, with the settlement of the colonies in North America, of sugar plantations in the Caribbean, and the beginnings of a large scale slave trade between West Africa and the New World. 2 In these colonial enterprises, the English proved themselves more efficient in supplying the necessities than did their rivals, and were thus largely able to exclude other countries from trade with these colonies. 3 Further, almost from the outset, the English were interested in preserving the territories they seized. Very early on they showed a remarkably sophisticated and highly practical understanding of potential environmental problems involved with settlement and cultivation. Well before other settlers, the British learned to protect forests to prevent drastic erosion. Learning this, they fostered ways to work with the tropical environment rather than against it. 4 The colonies in the Caribbean, with their sugar and tropical produce, and Newfoundland, with its vast quantities of fish, were especially profitable. 5 On the other hand, by the mid-sixteenth century, exploration of the Pacific had all but stopped. The sheer size of the ocean and the difficulties of navigating it intimidated mariners. The few voyages that were made into the Pacific were often largely buccaneering ventures, which brought back wild accounts of these tales for the reading public in England. 6 While English diplomats trying to keep peace sometimes paid lip service to Spain’s claim of the entire Pacific Ocean,7 the course of advancement would not be stayed. An important reason for the influence that the expansion of the empire had on the intellectual climate in England was the influence that the intellectual climate in England had on the expansion of the British empire. In terms of timing, the English came late to the business of exploration. When they turned their energies to exploration, they were already absorbed in the Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution. The English translated the Bible into English and quickly followed this with the production of other major works such as Homer into English. They also began producing their own works, including William Turner’s Herball of 1651. In a remarkable flowering of her intellectual prowess, the English produced many of the finest minds of the age, Isaac Newton, William Herschel, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, David Hume, Adam Smith, Joseph Priestley, and Robert Boyle to name only a few of these luminaries. A great deal of the English learning was driven by pragmatic considerations. Navigation required expertise in astronomy and cartography. As the colonists settled property, they needed competent surveyors, a need that Raleigh recognized, dispatching a mathematician to help map the new world. Knowledge of new rocks, plants, and animals was essential to determine what could be exploited. 8 Coming out of this intellectual ferment, British attitudes about colonies and exploration were very different from those of earlier explorers, notably the Spanish. The English did less to proselytize to the natives they found,9 but early on made science a part of their efforts. They did not find the gold that drove Pizarro; Spain produced no match for James Cook or Joseph Banks. 10 The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge was a key to intellectual ferment and exploration. Chartered 1662, Royal Society won praise as the finest intellectual body in Europe. British exploration and settlement often involved scientific efforts. Discoveries, ranging from observations of native peoples to a growing interest in exotic plants and animals fed the intellectual climate, which in turn injected new energy into exploratory efforts. 11 By contrast, Spain had the Inquisition, proud that fewer works were published in Spain in the eighteenth century than had been published in the sixteenth. An oppressive censorship meant that in every field of intellect except orthodox theology, Spain lagged behind the rest of Europe.

Jonathan Swift Imagery

Beauty In Vulgarity During his life, Jonathan Swift wrote about a number of different topics and often utilized the concept of imagery. Two of his poems, â€Å"Description of a City Shower† and â€Å"The Lady’s Dressing Room† are just some examples from his extensive body of work. Although they both differ in their subject matter, both are alike in their vivid descriptions and ability to connect with the reader’s senses. Many poets in Swift’s time used their writing skills to paint an aesthetically pleasing picture in the reader’s minds.In â€Å"Description of a City Shower† and â€Å"The Lady’s Dressing Room†, however, Swift uses revolting and graphic imagery that can leave a reader feeling disgusted. In â€Å"Description of a City Shower†, this imagery seems to reveal Swift’s negative view of both the city and the people living there. â€Å"The Lady’s Dressing Room† describes many gross items a young man finds, but it ultimately serves to satirize society’s views of women at the time. Swift’s imagery is extremely important in conveying an overall message and aiding the audience in interpreting what he was trying to say, as well as the reaction he was trying to provoke.In â€Å"Description of a City Shower†, Swift uses imagery by providing the reader with clear details on an approaching storm, and the way it affects both the rich and poor citizens of London. Despite the fact that a rainstorm does not seem that serious, Swift’s use of the word â€Å"dread† (line 2) evokes an ominous tone and indicates a more severe event. He begins the poem by describing the city before it starts to rain: a cat sensing the danger stops the enjoyable activity of playing with her tail; sewers emit a rancid smell; aches start to throb; and a dull man walks into a coffeehouse complaining about the weather and his depression (lines 3-12).The descriptions of p ain, disgusting smells, and the general melancholic mood of the townspeople appeal to the reader’s different senses and produce a gloomy atmosphere. This atmosphere carries into the description of the storm itself: Meanwhile the South, rising with dabbled wings, A sable cloud athwart the welkin flings, That swilled more liquor than it could contain, And, like a drunkard, gives it up again (lines 13-16). In this vulgar metaphor, Swift depicts the clouds as a person who has had too much to drink, subsequently turning the rain to vomit.Despite the fact this would most likely disgust a reader, it does create a clear image in their mind. Although Swift could have described the storm as a beautiful scene, he chose to make it repulsive. Much of the second stanza discusses a wench shaking out her mop, showering a passerby with dust, and staining a needy poet’s coat (lines 19-30). Again, Swift uses a dirty image for the rain falling on London, portraying it as a filthy and disg usting place to live. More importantly, the rain falling on the people of London would make them filthy and disgusting as well.Swift continues to utilize imagery by examining people’s reactions once it starts to rain: women covered in mud run into the store for shelter and bargain, but do not buy anything; a law student calls for a coach; and a seamstress attempts to walk quickly as she can while water streams down her umbrella (lines 33-38). Perhaps one of the most interesting scenes in the poem is the joining together of Tories and Whigs: Here various kinds, by various fortunes led, Commence acquaintance underneath a shed Triumphant Tories and desponding WhigsForget their feuds, and join to save their wigs (lines 39-42). Because the Whigs and Tories had different political views, one might initially see them coming together as a positive aspect. However, it is important to note why they are coming together in the first place. They do not put aside their differences in order to make political advancements or discuss their views; instead, they join together strictly because they are worried about their appearance. Following this scene, there is a description of a man sitting in his sedan chair growing steadily fearful of the rain.The fact that he is sitting in a sedan chair indicates that he is most likely an affluent member of society. Swift alludes to the story of Troy and the wooden horse, equating the man to the â€Å"bully Greek† warriors waiting inside and fearing being discovered (lines 43- 50); this allusion gives the reader a clearer mental picture of what is happening. The comparison is so extreme that it is somewhat comical and ultimately makes the man look weak for fearing something as trivial as rain. In both stories, the characters come off as superficial and further emphasizes Swift’s negative views of the people living in London.The last stanza contains the most vulgar imagery, and it truly shows Swift’s distaste for the city and its inhabitants. The first lines discuss the overflowing gutters, which contain â€Å"trophies†. Their sight and smell indicate where they have come from around the city; eventually, they all end up together at Snow Hill ridge and make their way to Holborn Bridge (lines 53-60). The last three lines are perhaps the most disgusting in the poem: Sweepings from butcher’s stalls, dung, guts, and blood, Drowned puppies, stinking sprats, all drenched in mud,Dead cats, and turnip tops, come tumbling down the flood (lines 63-66). The ending of this poem is just as bleak as its beginning. It is intriguing that those lines make up the only heroic triplet and that they are the longest in the poem; Swift wants to make sure that the reader notices these lines in particular. It is clear that this specific image shows that London is a filthy place to live. However, it is also serves as a commentary on the people that live there. Just as the rainstorm brought these ugly i tems onto the street, it brought out the ugliness in the people of London.Throughout the poem, many different members of society are discussed: a wench, a seamstress, Tories and Whigs, and the wealthy. They all have to deal with the rain in some way or another, making the storm an equalizer for the city dwellers. Swift most likely does not view one social class more negatively than the other, but rather has a dislike for the people of London in general. This point is further emphasized by the â€Å"trophies† joining together in the streets on the way to their final destination—although they might come from different places, they still end up on the same filthy journey.Earlier in the poem, Swift says that the flood threatens this â€Å"devoted† town (line 32). In this case, however, devoted actually means doomed. Flooding can be looked at in a biblical sense, as God flooded the earth because of their sinfulness. The use of the word devoted is also ironic, as the people are not devoted to God at all; they are sinful and superficial, and are doomed to filthy lives unless they change their ways. Another popular Swift poem, â€Å"The Lady’s Dressing Room†, also manages to convey Swift’s opinions on aspects of society through satire. The Lady’s Dressing Room† tells the story of Strephon, a man who ventures into a dressing room previously occupied by a woman named Celia. In doing so, he discovers many unpleasant and disgusting items, entirely changing his view on women. The poem begins by addressing the fact that Celia has spent five hours dressing, and asks if anyone else could do it in less time (lines 1-2). These lines have a somewhat ironic tone—it would seem that five hours is an outrageous amount of time to get ready, but it is a normal occurrence for women to take that long.Much of the poem follows in this ironic and satirical tone, ultimately commenting on the lengths women will go to in order to a chieve perfection based on society’s expectations. Celia is referred to as a â€Å"goddess† dressed in laces and lightweight fabrics (lines 3-4). The word goddess reveals the way men viewed women, and their belief that a beautiful woman was perfect. When Strephon finds the dressing room empty, his curiosity causes him to look inside and immediately discovers that Celia is far from a goddess.A good portion of the poem is dedicated to the speaker conducting a meticulous list of Strephon’s findings. Swift uses extensive imagery, allowing the reader can get a clear sense of everything Strephon sees. Every element of Celia, in terms of appearance, is available for analysis. He picks up a dirty smock that had sweat stained armpits and â€Å"displays it wide† while he looks at it from different angles (lines 11-14). This image emphasizes Strephon’s child-like curiosity and highlights the fact that he knows so little about the â€Å"real† Celia.He a lso finds combs so clumped with dirt it could not brush through sweaty and dandruff-filled hair, and an oil-covered forehead cloth used to smooth wrinkles on her brow (lines 20-26). Perhaps the most disturbing image is Celia pulling a worm out of her nose by squeezing it from head to tail (lines 64-67). All of these descriptions make it immediately obvious that, in direct opposition with Strephon’s belief that Celia is â€Å"sweet and cleanly† (line 18), she is an extremely dirty person and does not have good personal hygiene. Not only does Swift give a great amount of details about hat Strephon sees, but what he smells as well. An extremely disgusting example is when he writes â€Å"But oh! it turned poor Strephon’s bowels/When he beheld and smelled the towels† that were â€Å"begummed, bemattered, and beslimed† with dirt, sweat and earwax (lines 43-46). He also discusses Celia’s stinking toes and ill-smelling petticoats that are thrown abo ut carelessly (lines 48 and 52). Strephon has an intense reaction when he lifts the lid to Celia’s commode and smells its contents. Swift alludes to Pandora’s box, which, when opened, releases all of the human ills into the world.Like the allusion to Troy in â€Å"Description of a City Shower†, this comparison is so extreme that it is somewhat funny; it highlights the overblown reaction that men have when they find out that women are not perfect creatures. Upon this discovery, Strephon runs from the dressing room crying, â€Å"Oh! Celia, Celia, Celia shits! † (line 118). Although Celia is human just like Strephon, he is used to viewing her as a goddess, and is shocked to find out that she is like him in some way. After peering into Celia’s dressing room, Strephon’s beliefs and views on women are forever changed.Any time he sees a woman, his imagination pictures her â€Å"with all her stinks† (line 123). The narrator goes on to say tha t they pity Strephon’s blindness to the charms of women, and that if he would â€Å"stop his nose†, he would appreciate Celia when she looks her best (lines 129-136). Strephon should not turn away from love simply based on the fact that women are not always perfect and â€Å"rose from stinking ooze† (line 132). Swift uses another image that includes both beauty and filth to wrap up the poem: He soon would learn to think like me And bless his ravished sight to seeSuch order from confusion sprung, Such gaudy tulips raised from dung (lines 141-144). It is extremely important that the narrator thinks Strephon should â€Å"bless his ravished sight† and be thankful that he has seen this side of Celia; despite what he believes, it is not a punishment inflicted by Vengeance. When Celia looks attractive, he will find her more beautiful knowing that she might not be incredibly attractive to begin with. He will see the perfections in her imperfections. Although thes e lines describe the narrator’s opinion of Strephon’s discovery, it can also describe Swift’s view of this poem.A satire serves as a criticism about society, and aims to improve its negative aspects. In Swift’s time, blazons, or poems dedicated to discussing a woman’s beauty, were extremely popular. This poem is somewhat of a contra blazon—though it doesn’t specifically address Celia’s looks, it does describe aspects that indicate her unattractiveness underneath the beauty the public sees. Swift is poking fun at the poems that only discuss a woman for how she looks and commenting on the the expectations men had for women to constantly look their best.This causes women like Celia to take outrageous amounts of time and use many different products to cover their flaws. The only way women could be considered attractive is through the means of a lie, and only if that lie can be completely hidden. Perhaps these lines are Swiftâ€℠¢s way of saying that his audience should feel blessed to have read this poem, for they can now see women for who they truly are and not hold them to such high standards. If Swift can achieve this, then that is the beauty that will come out of this vulgar poem.While â€Å"Description of a City Shower† evokes a more serious tone than â€Å"The Lady’s Dressing Room†, they both ultimately convey serious messages. Although their gross imagery may initially shock the reader, it makes them pay closer attention and discover what the author was attempting to say. Swift’s poems might not have painted a conventionally beautiful picture, but they do succeed in commenting on adverse characteristics of society. This aspect of Swift’s poems makes them beautiful in their own way; like the tulip coming up from the dung, there is beauty that emerges from these vulgar images.One simply needs to learn to appreciate it. Works Cited Swift, Jonathan. â€Å"Description of a City Shower†. Trans. Array  The Norton Anthology of Poetry. Margaret Ferguson, Mary Jo Salter and Jon Stallworthy. Shorter Fifth Edition. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2005. 442. Print. Swift, Jonathan. â€Å"The Lady’s Dressing Room†. Trans. Array  The Norton Anthology of Poetry. Margaret Ferguson, Mary Jo Salter and Jon Stallworthy. Shorter Fifth Edition. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2005. 445. Print.

Infrastructure and Housing in Malaysia

The original purpose of holding architecture is due to the demand of human existences. During ancient clip, worlds were brooding in caves. However, people need nutrient to last. Peoples need to travel out to run therefore a impermanent shelter for runing and assemblage is needed to against Sun or rain. This is the starting of something coming architecture. Along with the betterments and alterations of demands of homo for life, the development of architectures began. Alternatively of hunting, people started to settle down to the concern of agribusiness. Here come to the emerged of lasting colonies. Slowly, the maps of architectures increase together with the addition of demands of human existences ( Gascoigne, 2001 ) . However, human existences are largely ocular animals ( Mary Rottman, 2013 ) . They like to fancify all the things that they can. Hence, different period clip of manners appear bit by bit. This influences the visual aspect of architecture every bit good as the houses at the same clip. There is no exclusion for the development of architectures of Malaysia. Harmonizing to The Encyclopedia of Malaysia by Chen Voon Fee, the mundane homes of the local people can be referred by slang houses which ‘vernacular’ means ‘domestic’ or ‘indigenous’ . Therefore, the local houses’ manners, how the houses are built and the type of stuffs that were used are chiefly focused by this type of architecture. The places of the Orang Asli—the foremost autochthonal people of Peninsula every bit good as Sabah and Sarawak’s autochthonal group and the Malayans who are classified as the Austronesian group of people are included in Malaysia. Post-and-beam constructions which are raised on piles, with gabled roofs are the basic of Malaysia’s common houses. The Encyclopedia of Malaysia farther elaborates the undermentioned traditions: A extremely delicate architecture was developed by the Malays for their houses in 1511 which was the period that Melaka being conquered by the Portuguese which reflecting contemporary rules of standardisation, prefabrication, site assembly and enlargement. Timber and other jungle green goodss are the edifice stuff and pitched roofs, post-and-beam building are its characteristic. The houses were highly suited to the tropical region’s climes which are hot and wet. The residents were all afforded with cosy airing and filtered visible radiation though the different lines on the E and west seashores of the Peninsula influenced the development of the roof signifiers. Palaces and mosque, longhouses and homes were applied with the same building techniques and stuffs in order by the Malays, the autochthonal peoples of Sabah and Sarawak and the immigrant people at the minute. The Portuguese and the Dutch introduced unknown edifice types such as garrisons and churches, and accomplishments every bit good as altered in the graduated table of edifices and the stuffs that were used. Furthermore, to set up streets and allocate quarters of the town to different communities, town planning was used. However, their different architectural manners had no digesting influence although they had occupied Melaka for over 300 old ages. The Straits Settlements of Penang, Melaka and Singapore were set up via the British which led by the understanding between the Dutch and the British in 1826. Malaysia had a great transmutation hundred old ages subsequently. The manner for modern and urban substructure was paved by the creative activity of colonial business and commercial involvements in the town such as Melaka, Georgetown in Penang and Kuching in Sarawak. Tin excavation so changed in graduated table and moved upstream and inland which ab initio a bungalow industry along the bayou of the West seashore. Peninsular west coast’s was efficaciously opened up followed by the large-scale planning of gum elastic which to the initiation of tin-mining Centres, Chinese and Indian colonists, to work the mines and plantations was brought in which makes their typical edifices enrich their new fatherland in the early 1900s. The substructure of roads, railroads and ports was financed from the net incomes of the creative activity of universe markets for Malaysia’s Sn and rubber along with the rise of Western industrialisation. The hard-on of enforcing administrative and commercial edifices were enabled by prosperity and assurance chiefly in the Western Neoclassical manner and of other edifices which in a mixture of European manners. From 1896, the imported Mogul manner which was retroflex all over the state particularly mosque was enjoyed a short but permanent period by Kuala Lumpur which is the capital of the Federated Malay States from 1896. The chilly avenues of Penang, Ipoh, Melaka and Kuala Lumpur were lined by Sn and rubber wealth with broad Villas. The colonial influence in the northern and eastern parts of the Malays Peninsula was minimum. Therefore, the royal capitals of Alor Setar, Kota Bharu, Kuala Terengganu and Arau were the development of Malay urban Centres from bunchs of campongs gr ouped around the ruler’s castles and the chief mosques. Malaysia’s architecture embodied the taking tendencies from the West in the period between the two universe wars. The passage from the traditional slang was marked by Art Deco while early Modernism and the International Style were transited from Western Neoclassical manners. A batch of professionally qualified designers, largely expatriate, designed most of the edifices at the minute. Building programs within town bounds were so required to breast by the debut of constructing by-laws to ‘qualified persons’ . Along with the Merdeka, or Independence, in 1957, Malaysia has the greatest architectural transmutation. The new nation’s capital, Kuala Lumpur, was so transformed from a colonial town. New and make bolding signifiers expressed the chesty symbol of nationhood which largely the work of abroad trained Malaysians. The first arose skyscraper was enabled with the changed of the graduated table of commercial edifices by advanced building accomplishments and industrialised constituents. The appeared of shopping arcades and mega promenades replaced the store houses and emerged of multifunction composites was made manner by townhouses. Then, suburban Centres and townships were created by the replacing of cottages and flats to condominiums with centralised installations and large-scale lodging estates of insistent single- and double-storey nexus houses. The consequences which are non ever compatible shows that vie with the International Style was formed by autochthonal cultural which showed a Malayan architectural individuality in the on-going hunt. Owing to the penchant of anon. , the Sun shadowing installations of the early skyscrapers had replaced by all-enveloping tinted and heat-resisting glass. Tropical elements such as elevated planting and new showing devices are introduced merely one time in a piece. The consciousness of the demand to continue prewar edifices was being enhanced which coincided with the lag in the belongings market which because of the inordinate edifice of the 1980s and so, the country’s foremost non-governmental organisation for heritage saving was born. On the contrary, the gait of edifice was boosted with the ageless economic growing in the 1990s for about a decennary and a figure of mega undertakings was develop finally. The mega undertakings include: one of the world’s tallest office towers, the Petronas Twin Towers ; a state-of-the-art airdrome, the Kuala Lumpur International Airport which was located in a semisynthetic wood ; a design which placed Malaysia at the front line of bit and fibre optics engineering, the Multimedia Super Corridor ; and last but non least, the country’s 21stcentury place of authorities, the Putrajaya. Enormous challenges were faced by Malayan architecture in a technological universe at the get downing point of the new millenary. To hold a better quality of life in the 21stcentury, it is pressing to continue Malaysia’s early edifices and depict from them valuable lessons on graduated table to better the Malayan live and work which more environmentally antiphonal solutions will be demanded by greater urbanisation.

Educational Assistance Essay

I am currently employed as a bagger at H-E-B and would very much like to be considered for the educational assistance program you offer to employees. I want to go to college to be a pharmacist when I complete high school and am already taking a pharmacy technician class along with my other classes. I know H-E-B is a wonderful place to work, not just because I already work there but because my father has worked as a truck driver there for 15 years. H-E-B is very steady, has good benefits and most importantly, treats their employees like family. I can’t think of any other workplace that can keep their employees loyalty like that. I know there is a growing need for pharmacists and with the way H-E-B has added deli’s, floral dept and pharmacies to keep up with today’s markets, I can get my degree and become a part of all that. Pharmacists are in need more and more and cannot think of anywhere I would rather put my degree to work than H-E-B. All I ask for is the chance to become a registered pharmacist and join the pharmacy staff at H-E-B. This company has been around for 100 years and with the loyalty of people like myself and my father, will be around for many more. This is my chance to fulfill my dream of becoming a pharmacist and advance my career within a company I care about. I sincerely hope you will grant my request for educational assistance and help me make continue the H-E-B tradition of quality service and a family atmosphere. If you approve my request, I will work hard to make you glad you gave this opportunity and when I become a pharmacist, I will able to help the people who work and shop H-E-B on a regular basis.

PAPER 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PAPER 1 - Essay Example However, one thing to note is that international relations have existed as long as states and that states are sovereign and are guided by informal rules in their relations. The purpose of this paper is to describe an international event of conflict or cooperation that has occurred since 1980, and evaluate it using theoretical approaches to international relations. There are many theories such as realism, liberalism/idealism, constructivism, Marxism and feminism, but the paper will focus on liberalism and Marxism. First, a brief summary of the international event will be given in order to understand how, where and when it occurred and to explain how it can be understood as an international event. Secondly, theories of international relations (liberalism and Marxism) will be used to discuss the reasons why the event occurred. This will give the roles played by the state, non-state actors, multinational corporations, etc. Thirdly, strengths and weaknesses of the two theories in explaini ng the event will be evaluated and a conclusion made about which theory is the most effective in explaining the event. ... Both first world and third world economies were not spared and are still recovering from the effects of the crisis. The crisis began due to an asset bubble bursting. Economists have blamed the event on monetary policy failure and deregulation of financial institutions, but international relations theorists have different versions of the reasons for the crisis. Financial institutions were not mitigating risks but instead making risky investments in form of mortgage backed securities (Davies, 2010). Housing prices had gone up and the government through mortgage lenders Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac was encouraging low income earners to take up mortgages at low interest rates. The financial institutions saw an opportunity to gain and thus gave mortgages even to subprime borrowers. Mortgage brokers sold the mortgage to banks which, in turn, bundled it into products which they securitized. They borrowed money from other banks to buy mortgages and securitize thus high earnings. The interests were later to rise and home owners were unable to pay mortgages, leading to mass repossession of houses and the housing bubble burst (Kolb, 2010). Financial institutions could not lend to borrowers anymore, leading to a credit crunch and slow economic growth. Financial institutions such as Northern Rock, Lehman Brothers and Merrill Lynch collapsed. Other casualties were insurance companies and stock markets due to falling share prices. A $700 bailout was offered by the Bush administration among other measures, but the economy was badly affected (Davis, 2010). Credit tightening and massive bailouts by US, UK and other western countries were a blow to third world countries that rely on foreign aid for development.

Employment-At-Will Doctrine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Employment-At-Will Doctrine - Essay Example For instance, under the doctrine the employer can terminate additional work benefits, reduce employee’s vocational time or even, revise the salary agreements (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2013). Scenario 1: John’s actions damage the company’s image and thus, they are not admissible to ignorance. John did not consider the effects of his actions and thus, it is legally right for the company fire him. According to the employment-at-will doctrine, the employer can just fire the employee without notice and thus, firing John without notifying him will not bring any legal liability on the company. The ethical theory that best supports my decision is consequentialism. Scenario 2: In this scenario, I would not fire Jim. This is because; the employment-at-will doctrine has an exception referred to as retaliation, which states that if employees engage in activities such as claiming minimum wage or overtime compensation, then the doctrine shall not hold (Nation al Conference of State Legislatures, 2013).Therefore, to limit the liability in this case, I would listen to the claims of the salespersons and changing the commission consider changing the schedules. Scenario 3: Ellen should be fired. This will not impose any legal liability on the company since; she cannot claim the retaliation exception (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2013). The company could even decide to sue her based on libel and slander. However, to reduce the costs incurred, I would just fire her. My decision in this case is supported by the virtue ethics (Graham, 2004). Ellen has no virtues if she can act so maliciously to get her things done. Scenario 4: I would not fire Bill since there are no legal grounds to fire him. This is because; he has not committed any conflict of interest by using the phone. As long as using the phone in his business does not jeopardize its use in the company, and then the company cannot terminate his employment. Scenario 5: Install ing key logger software in the company computers is a way of protecting the company’s business and it is beneficial to both the employees and the company. Therefore, protesting such an important issue would only imply that the secretaries have hidden motives, which would be jeopardized by the installed software. I would fire these secretaries since; considering their protest would put company’s data at risk. In addition, the secretaries are not following ethics of principle, which states that principles are just a matter of reasoning and logic. To reduce the liability suffered in this case, I would ensure that I employ other secretaries with immediate effect. Scenario 6: I would fire Joe since it is legally permissible to do so. The employee has committed acts that harm the company’s operations. The company has the right to sue him without notifying him since; it has legal reasons and thus, no liability would arise from dismissal of the employer. In addition, Jo e has no grounds to sue the company since; although his privacy was invaded, it was concerning the company. My decision in this case is supported by ethics of cognitive moral development, which assert that as an individual grows he or she should be able to use critical thinking tactics to solve problems (Graham, 2004). Critically in this case, Joe definitely would not have used a company’

Proposal Background and Problem Statement Research Paper

Proposal Background and Problem Statement - Research Paper Example The practice is also suspected in the technology industry where manufacturers are suspected of producing all forms of viruses and harmful programs only to produce anti-viruses to be bought and used in treating the problems caused by the viruses. In the pharmaceutical industry, the phenomenon is referred to as disease mongering. This research shall look into various ways through which diseases are intentionally or unintentionally transfer from pharmacists and other health practitioners to patients and later taken advantage of because of the need for patients to seek cure to these diseases. Aims and Objectives This research proposal has an aim of identifying the relationship that exists between the drug manufacturing companies and diseases. To achieve this, the following specific objectives have been set. 1. To find out some of the intentional and unintentional ways through which diseases are manufactured in the laboratory. 2. To establish how disease hyping has been used as a trade st rategy for the sale of medicines. 3. To find the place of federal laws in fighting against any unfair deals associated with disease mongering. 4. To ascertain whether people are being made to invest excessively more on their health than their health risk actually demands. Significance of the Study The completion of this study is of significant important to a multi-dimensional group of persons. In the first place, the pharmaceutical industry shall be made aware of some of their practices that lead to the spread and outbreak of diseases and how these can be contained. Again, the public shall be educated on some of the unacceptable means by which the pharmaceutical industry extorts their monies and thus the need to be highly mindful of their health budgets, especially towards promoted diseases. Finally, this research shall seek to protect human health against some common health sector practices such as the exposure to radiations and administration of certain medicines that go long ways to affect the health of people. Research Questions 1. In what ways does the pharmaceutical industry use corruptible means to extort monies from the public through the manufacture of diseases? 2. Are there laws that check the occurrence of disease mongering in our society? 3. Is there enough education for the public on how to guard themselves against practices of the health sector that promote diseases? 4. In what ways can the public different between a genuine campaign against diseases and one that only seeks to hype diseases for selfish gains? Limitations This research shall face a number of limitations in its conduct. For instance the pharmaceutical industry, which is under scrutiny here, may not be very willing to be co-operative with the researchers in finding facts and data on the problem of disease mongering. This is highly anticipated as the research seeks to expose certain corrupt practices associated with disease mongering. The researchers also face a limitation of carryin g out the most rightly prescribed information to the general public. This point is made against the backdrop that readers may be ill-informed to assume that all forms of medical campaigns against diseases constitute disease mongering and so they must always brush such campaigns aside. If this happens, the aim of the research will be defeated because the research seek

Emotional health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Emotional health - Essay Example Erickson’s Eight Stages of Psycho-Social Development: States that the individual has to undergo eight stages of development, in order for them to become integrated into society (Erikson 359-396). Erickson focuses on eight stages in total; however the first five are aimed at childhood, whereas the last three are classifications of changes which take place throughout the rest of the individual’s lifetime. In summary, Erickson was concerned with the individual’s adaptation to society. Let’s now compare this to Sigmund Freud, and his approach, which is centered towards the individual’s adaptation to their own psychic sphere. According to Freud, the young child first develops an oral fixation, whereby as a baby and then toddler, everything goes into the mouth. They then move onto the anal stage, during toilet training, and finally at around five to seven years of age they undergo what is known as the Oedipus complex, whereby the boy fears castration, at the hands of their father, for lusting after the mother; and whereby the young girl accepts the reality that she has already been castrated. Either way, the phallic stage represents an acceptance of external authority, and a reordering of the individual’s psychic World, so that they become emotionally well regulated. Erickson versus Freud: Interestingly, when we compare, Freud to Erickson, we can clearly see that both theorists are attempting to explain the emotional developmental stages of the individual, and that for Erickson the focus is on adaptation to external challenges; whereas with Freud the focus is upon internal adaptation within the psychic reality of the individual, to the external reality which faces them. While the focus might be slightly different, the inference is the same, that a healthy individual has to come to terms with the society, in which

Law of Tort College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law of Tort College - Essay Example The production process is interrupted and all the materials in process are damaged beyond repair. In addition, because there is no water supply for 24 hours Brian loses the opportunity to carry out several more processes and loses the profits that these would have generated. An analysis of the facts of the case presents certain ambiguous legal issues within the premise of both common law as well as the law of torts. In the first situation, the issue is whether Derek's statement to Alan about the efficacy of the van, and the consequent economic loss to Brian, imposes a liability in tort on Derek and/or Alan. In the second situation, the issue is whether Brian can claim economic damages for the losses he has suffered in terms of equipment and material damage and by way of profit loss due to operations shut down resulting from Donald's negligent action. The first situation --Brian v. Derek/Alan - relating to Brian's purchase of van prima facie pertains to area of 'pure' economic loss due to negligent misstatement, resulting in tortious liability under common law.1 The second situation --Brian v. ... A. Brian v. Derek/Alan - Negligent Misstatement Resulting in Economic Loss The common law imposes liability in tort upon persons who make misstatements to others; however, only if the misstatement is made fraudulently or negligently, when there is a duty to take care. Also, the claimant/the person to whom the misstatement has been made must have sustained a loss (which may be physical or financial or both) as a result of reliance upon the misstatement. Thus, liability in the tort of negligent misstatement is generally defined in terms of the common law premises of duty, breach and damage,3 however, a "special treatment" is usually given considering the complexity and since tortious liability in this area is a relatively recent development.4 The case in question presents considerable issues in facts and in law, an analysis of which in relation may be vital in advising Brian. The primary issues for consideration include: Whether mistakes were fraudulent or arising out of negligence Whether Derek owes a duty of care to Brian for a report he made to Alan Whether the plaintiff sustained loss, economic or physical Whether Alan has a vicarious or personal liability in relation to Derek's misstatement and/or in passing the report to Brian Any defence, legal or factual, which may be claimed by Derek/Alan against Brian As the facts of the case reveal, there is no apparent evidence of fraud -- Derek cannot be said to have any interest in Alan or Brian purchasing a van that has been advertised in the local newspaper. The mistakes in the report are mainly due to negligence; however, relying on that Brian, a third party had sustained financial loss,

Exercise Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exercise Health - Essay Example Kumar et al in their book Pathologic basis of disease, refer to cardiovascular disease as the single greatest killer of humanity in industrialized nations, accounting for more than 5 million deaths per year. Sedentary living and the associated cardiorespiratory diseases are regarded by Bouchard and Blair as the major factors responsible for premature deaths in this century. Hypertension and obesity are the initial manifestations of disease as the body starts accumulating fats due to the lack of physical activity. Soon the blood vessels become clogged due to the deposition of fibrous plaques, leading to increased blood pressure. Canlas describes hypertension as the silent killer, because it causes extensive damage internally long before the external manifestations of the disease. It is therefore important to realize the importance of exercise and incorporate it in a daily routine to nip the problem in the bud. Fletcher et al in their statement on exercise state the fundamental role of physical activity to counter the cardiovascular accidents. According to them, exercise increases the functional capacity of the heart and reduces the myocardial oxygen demand. Exercise minimizes the chances of adverse cardiac events in normal population and in rehabilitation of patients who have survived a prior attack. Regular routine improves calcium deposition in bones, thereby increasing bone density and reducing the risk of bone break disease, osteoporosis. Siscovick et al highlight the importance of adopting a regular exercise routine in order to maintain the bone strength and flexibility especially after menopause. The effects of exercise on muscular system are evident as an improvement in endurance and power on account of resistance training. Bouchard et al propose a regular exercise routine because it ensures an adequate fat distribution over the body and the normal body mass index as well as counter the metabolic disturbances leading to the development of diabetes and abn ormal lipid profiles. Chesley et al highlight the effects of exercise when accompanied by adequate protein intake, as it helps shed excessive fat and shifts the muscle protein turn over towards the synthesis of new proteins resulting in increased lean muscle mass. As evident, the benefits of exercise are numerous and the risks are minor or limited to some exceptional cases. Care should be taken when designing the exercise plan for hypertensive people or the survivors of congestive cardiac failure as they have limited reserve of cardiac and respiratory functional capacity. Siscovick et al describe the benefits of starting from light aerobics and moving onto resistance training exercises as they prove beneficial in the long run, as manifested by increase in strength and endurance, and a lower level blood pressure. Bouchard et al also advocate this approach as a step to reduce the over all chances of recurrence of adverse cardiac events and support the fact that a carefully designed ex ercise regimen should dismisses the myth about exercise being dangerous for health. When talking about the sedentary life style in developed countries, the referred target population is the one with great jobs and the policy makers who employ masses for the tasks to be performed, while their own job is limited to sitting at the desk behind a screen to make and manage the policies and

Issues In International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Issues In International Business - Essay Example With the expansion of the cross-cultural features in international business, cross-cultural communication and intercultural negotiation are identified as important considerations for conducting business operations (Okoro, 2013). Recently, working culture is considered an important factor for conducting operations sustainably. In this context, entrepreneurs are providing managers with few special tours to the targeted countries with the aim of providing training to understand the work culture of those countries. Respectively, in immigration, managers are required to possess cross cultural communication skills for conducting business operations with better sustainability. This type of global exposure enables the representatives of these companies to collect information about the cultural values and practices, so that working culture in those countries are based on the cultural principles practiced. Internationalization in the business field helps to inter-connect political policies and economic policies of the various countries with each other (Georgia Department of Education, 2008). The objective of the study is to describe the importance of the cultural factor in international business. In this context, the study highlights several cultural features in the business context of two countries that include Singapore and United Kingdom. The study will also discuss about the impact of culture on international business. The UK is often identified to be a rich country in terms of economic growth, business operations and culture. In the context of international business, the UK is popular for expansion of business and establishing relationship based culture in the business environment. There are several reasons for selection the UK as a host country for selecting as an appropriate location for international business. The main reason for selecting the UK as a host country to conduct

Accounting principles impact Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Accounting principles impact - Case Study Example While this is considered to be critical to effective financial reporting, these principles are also a significant part of the financial control within organisations. The principles have different impacts upon the organisation as discussed below. This could be termed as the most significant accounting principle among all the available accounting principles. The concept of revenue recognition remains critical to financial reporting because it seeks to determine the sources of finance and expenses, in order to determine profitability of the organisation. This principle remains critical to business operations because it seeks to ensure that all the revenue generated becomes recognised through the various records used by the organisation (Kothari, Ramanna, and Skinner 252). Organisations within different industries must ensure the development of appropriate and standardised approaches through which the revenue recognition will be effected. This principle results in the development of an approach for making comparison of different accounting concepts to determine effectiveness of the organisation. Sainsbury which is a retailing outlet for household good would effectively adopt an approach for recognising revenue based on cash basis. This would be mainly because most of the transactions are undertaken instantly and the days is received upon the exchange of the product. Once the cash has been received it become recognised as a sale and revenue. UNIQOL, which is involved in a different level of retailing would have to combine the accrual and cash basis of revenue recognition in its processes. This would be mainly because of the various products which are sometimes shipped and cash is received later. Harmonisation of these transactions remains essential as the organisation seeks to ensure there is accuracy in the process of revenue

Global worming Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global worming - Assignment Example ok and ensure that there is evidence that can be used against their governments in case the cost of paying for the negative effects of global warming is to be shared out (Ramseur, Parker and Yacobucci, 27). The program is software which can be installed in aircrafts used to monitor weather patterns. From these, sensors built in the aircraft can be used to sense the source of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the data obtained associated with that of a specific country. The specific needs of this program are the availability of a weather aircraft, a large database of the greenhouse gases produced by every country and powerful computers that can process the information gathered. The alternative solution is to ensure these programs are never affected by internet connection failures. The proposed program is the best solution because it can be mounted on satellites. Hence, the monitoring of greenhouse gases is done throughout the year with data been transmitted back to ground centres. This program works by homogenizing the greenhouse gases emitted and through comparison with the characteristics of the greenhouses stored in the database, it connects the emitted greenhouse to a specific country. The implementation of the program shall be done through the drafting of a resolution which will be ratified by the U. N. member countries for it to be used. The guidelines will be in the resolution whereby each country shall take responsibility for its emissions and undertake measures to reduce the emissions along with the payment of a fine which will be used to explore other means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The resources needed are several aircrafts or satellite launchers. The aircrafts will have the program installed in them along with sensors. The program can also be launched into space on satellites with sensors that monitor greenhouse gas

What are the strengths and limitations of viewing learning as Essay

What are the strengths and limitations of viewing learning as apprenticeship What implication does this have for educators - Essay Example How to teach children and adults has long been one of the most problematic issues for scholars. Dozens of theories and models were developed, to explain human cognitive development and apply this knowledge to improve various systems of learning and knowledge delivery in educational settings. The current state of educational science is associated with relative flexibility of the learning approaches and openness to the improvement and implementation of the new theories and ideas. In the meantime, older systems of education and cognitive development are being constantly analyzed and improved. Cognitive apprenticeship models are rightly considered as some of the most complicated, controversial, and simultaneously, most productive models of cognitive development and learning. The model exemplifies an essential element of the social constructivist paradigm in learning, emphasizes teamwork, and treats scaffolding as an essential element of the process of training. The apprenticeship model o f learning is associated with numerous problems and limitations, including the lack of connectivity with the real-life conditions and the problems, implementation difficulties, and even the risks of distress and dissent in learners. Despite its limitations, cognitive apprenticeship model provides unique learning opportunities and can be readily applied in a variety of learning settings.Cognitive apprenticeship is a widely-known form of social learning, which helps novices to become experts in their field of study/ professional development (Dennen 2002). Rooted in the principles of social constructivism, cognitive apprenticeship is a model of social learning, which relies on scaffolding and provides structure and examples to be followed by learners (Dennen 2002). Apprenticeship has long been applied for teaching nurses, constructors and legal professionals (Dennen 2002). Today, cognitive apprenticeship is one of the most popular models of cognitive development and learning in young a nd adult learners. Social constructivism suggests that the cultural and social context play the dominant role in how knowledge is constructed and understood (Dennen 2002). Developed by Collins, Brown, and Newman in 1989, the model has become one of the basic elements of cognitive development and knowledge delivery in various educational and learning settings. According to Collins, Brown and Newman (1989), â€Å"cognitive apprenticeship embeds the learning of skills and knowledge in their social and functional context† (p. 454). From the standpoint of social constructivism, cognitive apprenticeship represents the model of learning and knowledge transmission, which treats guided experience, cognitive, and metacognitive elements as the principal factors of the learning process (Collins, Brown & Newmans 1989). Legitimate peripheral participation and situatedness are at the core of the cognitive apprenticeship model (Lave & Wagner 1991). In simple terms, cognitive apprenticeship i mplies that learning occurs through the learners’ participation in authentic situations/ settings (Lave & Wenger 1991). Such participation and engagement in practical environments foster the development of transferable, relevant knowledge more than other models of knowledge dissemination (Collins, Brown & Newman 1989). However, cognitive apprenticeship is more than merely the process of learning in authentic settings: rather, the success of cognitive apprenticeship models depends on how deeply learners are embedded into these authentic contexts (Wertsch 1998). It is imperative that the influence of various situational/ contextual factors be considered, whenever the quality and efficiency of such authentic settings are evaluated and

Marketing Environment of Child Rights and You UK Case Study

Marketing Environment of Child Rights and You UK - Case Study Example CRY along with its operations based in the Indian sub-continent has also successfully expanded along international regions like the United States of America and the United Kingdom thereby inviting a stronger foothold for fighting for children’s rights (Child Rights and You, n.d.). Micro and Macro Environments of CRY UK Micro Environment The Micro-Environment of CRY based in the United Kingdom would be analyzed on the basis of the internal policies and the organizational design or operational framework. CRY based in the United Kingdom operates based on a Board of Trustees who is followed by the team of Executive Committee. Finally, the main operational arm of the organization comprises of volunteers that immediately follows the Executive Committee. ... CRY UK also renders equal emphasis to the parameters of transparency and accountability in its different operations. The organization also focuses on empowering individuals working at different levels for fighting for the rights of poor children. Macro Environment In the macro environment of CRY UK the organization works through the development of partnerships with key external stakeholders for the organizational expansion and accomplishment of different important projects. On the social front, the organization maintains an effective relationship with large scales of donors, people who desire to volunteer for the concern’s activities and different project administrators. Politically the non-government organization is a registered charity firm under the United Kingdom Registrations Act and henceforth the donations made to the concern are subjected to tax deductions. The organization is socially responsible in that it helps the poor and malnourished children to effectively survi ve, develop both in their physical and intellectual fronts and thereby participate in social development. Moreover, in the macro environment, the concern also takes the active cooperation of different stakeholders like print and visual media to create a large amount of social and individual awareness. The support of different corporate and social and individual associations is gained so as to sustain the spontaneity of the fund raising operations (Child Rights and You, n.d.). SWOT Analysis of CRY Strength Child Rights and You as a non-government organization operates on fundamental vision and mission ideology that focuses on helping the children gain their own rights in regards to better nutrition, education, and social upbringing.  

Understanding people in organisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Understanding people in organisation - Essay Example Workplace structure can be described as the way individuals departments and managers in an organization work with each other to achieve the laid out objectives at the workplace. The work place structure can be informal or highly complex depending on the size of the company. Small businesses usually maintain simple workplace structures (Anderson, 2008). A simple workplace structure allows the leaders in that organization to have most of the control. The employees are usually flexible and usually possess knowledge and skills to perform many different tasks. Medium sized companies usually have a functional workplace structure in place. The functional workplace structure is organized around specific job functions. The structure groups employees together depending on the duties they perform within the organization. The leaders are categorized by departments and each employee performs duties according to the area of expertise. Health workplace refers to combined efforts of the employers and the employees to support and encourage health lifestyle habits and making healthy choices at workplace. A healthy workplace is one where people are safe, healthy and are happy to come to work. A healthy workplace can be created by developing health-related policies like no-smoking policies. It is also important to develop and encourage activities that promote team work. For instance, coming up with team related extracurricular activities like participating in walks for a good cause can also go a long way in promoting a healthy workplace environment. Another way of developing a healthy workplace environment is by organizing talks by health professionals who can advise employees on some issues affecting their health like alcohol abuse or smoking (Scott, 2007). A healthy workplace is characterized by the way employees relate with each

Discussion# 11 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion# 11 - Assignment Example These functions help the hospital in the inclusion of the collected data. The data can be incorporated in every task and assembled for future reference. Patient records can be saved in a diary via IVRS. This makes consultations with the doctors highly effective (Leiner, Gaus & Haux, 2003). The IVRS system allows for the integration of data about the doctors and surgeons present and on duty in the hospital. This consecutively implies that patients are capable of accessing this data via an IVRS pre-recorded message through a phone call. The apparatus used in the hospital processes can be registered with an allocated numeric distinctiveness. This assists the staff to recognize the available drugs in the hospital. IVRS helps in the documentation of data, making it available to all (Leiner, Gaus & Haux, 2003). The data developed from this process is catalogued in an IVRS using the data outline reports. In conclusion, data storage is automatic in a computerized worksheet through the encoding of IVRS. The IVRS makes the input and organization of data in the hospital unproblematic, fault free and cannot be tampered with

Impulsive Behavior of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Impulsive Behavior of Romeo and Juliet Essay There are many examples of characters acting without thinking of the consequences in Romeo and Juliet. The story of Romeo and Juliet is written by the famous author William Shakespeare. The story is about a boy that falls in love with a girl but both of their families have a burning hatred for each other, which leads to both of Romeo’s and Juliet’s demise. Although there are some good things that happen as a result of Romeo acting before thinking, I’m going to show that on most occasions, his rash actions affect himself and others negatively. To begin, when Romeo has feelings for a girl, he thinks he feels â€Å"love† for them, but it is usually never the case. The Capulets throw a party due to a tradition and Romeo attends. While there he notices Juliet and is instantly attracted to her. He, like many other boys, is attracted to girls only for their looks and not personality: â€Å"Like a rich jewel in an Ethiop\s ear/Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear!† (1.5.46-47). He is infatuated with Juliet, not in love with her. He is only focusing on her beauty rather than her non-visual redeeming qualities. Within a few minutes of meeting Juliet, he lost all his feeling of depression from being rejected by Rosaline: â€Å"Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight!/For I ne\er saw true beauty till this night†(1.5.52-53). He thought he was in love with Rosaline but then forgot all about her and his so-called â€Å"love† for her when he met Juliet. He now professes true love for Juliet. When Romeo hastily proclaims his love for girls, he doesn’t take the time to court the girls he likes, he makes them upset and feels rushed. Next, he was impetuous with killing himself when he thought Juliet was dead. Juliet took a potion to appear dead to avoid marrying Paris. When she woke up, she and Romeo were supposed to leave Verona together. Romeo found Juliet in the tomb where he was going to put Tybalt’s body. Romeo jumped straight to the conclusion that she was dead without checking to see if she was breathing or had a heartbeat: \Is crimson in thy lips and in thy cheeks/And death’s pale flag is not advancà ¨d there\(5.3.95-96). Romeo did not think about the fact that she could have taken a potion or be unconscious. He immediately took out the poison he obtained when he heard the news of Juliet’s â€Å"death† and drank it. When Juliet woke up, she saw that Romeo was dead: â€Å"Yea, noise? Then I\ll be brief. O happy dagger!/This is thy sheath; their rust, and let me die† (5.3.169-170). Romeo’s rash decision to take his own life led to Juliet snatching his dagger and ta king her own life. Both of these quotes show that if Romeo had slowed down, problem solved better, and thought through the consequences of his actions, he probably would not have chosen to take his life and would have ended up alive and with Juliet. On most occasions, Romeo’s impulsive decisions affect himself and others negatively. We can learn from his impulsive decisions which lead to dire consequences. Taking the time to assess our situations and weigh the consequences of our actions may help improve the outcomes of our decisions. Work Cited Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. Elements of Literature. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2009. 901-1024. Print.

Environmental Factors Essay Example for Free

Environmental Factors Essay The Coca-Cola Company was established in 1886 in the United States. Today, the Coca-Cola Company’s products are available in over 200 different countries. Each country contains its own demographics and other factors that influence the marketing planning and promotions for the Coca-Cola product lines. These factors vary by location and can include culture, customs, and even legal matters. The Coca-Cola Company has been able to successfully examine these factors and create marketing campaigns that have allowed the company to grow in leaps and bounds over the past 100 years. Global economic interdependence Global economic interdependence is when different economies rely upon one another and can include goods and service exchanges. Coca-Cola is one of the most famous soft drink brands in the world because they have successfully marketed their products across the globe. These foreign economies rely upon Coca-Cola products to stock their shelves to meet the consumers demand. With such a strong demand, countries would want the company’s product in local stores to increase sales and thus taxes collected. In order to get products to foreign markets, Coca-Cola is faced with trade restrictions and agreements. Restrictions can include tariffs which impose taxes on imported goods or quotas that limit the amount of certain product that is brought into the country (Kotler, Keller, 2012). These restrictions can lead to questions as to whether entering that foreign market is profitable. A high tariff could cut into profits while other trade restrictions may not allow a product to enter the market at all. A stiff market to enter may require a very detailed and successful marketing plan in order to reach the most potential consumers. A failed plan could result in the company paying more for the product to enter that market rather than the amount of money being made. Demographics and infrastructure Demographics must be examined prior to entering a foreign market. Household income, population, and age can all play a factor in a marketing plan. Poor  countries such as those in Africa may not be able to afford to purchase a product and therefore, would not be included in a marketing plan for a high priced item. Also, if there is a limited amount of infrastructure the product may not be able to be transported. Countries that lack infrastructure such as paved roads or electricity would become difficult markets for Coca-Cola to enter. Without roads or railroads, Coca-Cola would not be able to deliver their product to the consumers. Electricity is typically needed in order to keep the beverage chilled and to record sales transactions. A country lacking infrastructure will have a difficult time getting popular goods to their consumers. Cultural differences Cultural differences play a role in the marketing process. Different cultures will have different ideals and may even use products for different reasons. What may be acceptable in the American market may be a sign of disrespect in another. Knowledge of cultural differences can make or break a marketing campaign and also the entire company. For example, the Japanese commercials tend to have more animation and songs in the commercial. Also, the culture is also more advanced in technology so vending machines are more advanced in Japan than the ones we see here in America. Finally, different cultures may see certain products or ingredients as unhealthy. What may be delicious to consumers in China may be horrid to the taste buds of those in America. Social responsibility and ethics versus legal obligations Social responsibility and ethics are values that should be followed but not necessarily obligated to do so. On the other hand, legal obligations force a company to perform certain actions. For example, Coca-Cola is not legally obligated to set a certain price on their product. However, they are legally obligated to place nutritional and ingredient information on the product. As previously mentioned, different cultures play a role in marketing. What one culture may see as a social responsibility may be a legal obligation in another. As many know, Coca-Cola once contained the drug cocaine. Legally, cocaine is outlawed in the United States but may not be in other countries. What some may not know is that Coca-Cola still contains an extract from the coca leaves that is not classified as illegal (New York Times, 2013). In some cultures, it may be unethical to sell a product that has any  derivatives from any mind altering plants. Political systems and the influence of international relations Political systems can decide whether to allow a product to enter their market or impose extreme conditions that must be met. In addition, international relations can play a part as to where a product goes. Currently, the United States has a trade restriction with Iran that limits what can be exchanged between the two countries. Iran, once considered an ally, is now an evil and thus trade restrictions are in place. Coca-Cola may find it difficult to get their product into this market through a legit trade agreement. If Coca-Cola was faced with the fact that nobody would be allowed to import their product, they would be able to develop a marketing plan for domestic use that would portray that they are the only country who gets to receive the product. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 prohibits bribes being paid to foreign officials to assist in obtaining or keeping business (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, n.d.). This Act would prohibit Coca-Cola from bribing an Iranian official to allow them to export their product to the country. Because of this Act, large corporations can no longer pay foreign officials to keep their products in stores of countries that have banned them either by local or international law. These different laws and stipulations create barriers for a product to be introduced into foreign and domestic markets. Technology Advancements in technology have made marketing both easier and more difficult at the same time. Social media sites such as YouTube now promote products before the user can watch the video they intended to view. As technology advances, previous innovations become cheaper and open the doors for new consumers to obtain these products. As the amount of people who are able to access the internet increases, so does the amount of people that can view advertisements. One of the newest fads for technology is making more products â€Å"green†. Environmental friendly products are now the big rage and consumers will pay more for a product if it is deemed â€Å"green†. Advances in technology will eventually lead to more products being green and thus  creating a decline in the demand. Conclusion The Coca-Cola Company was established in 1886 in the United States. Today, the Coca-Cola Company’s products are available in over 200 different countries. Each country contains its own demographics and other factors that influence the marketing planning and promotions for the Coca-Cola product lines. Factors such as political influences, technology, and cultural differences all play a part on marketing. Differences in these factors can determine whether a product should be entered into the market. It is the responsibility of the manufacture, such as Coca-Cola, to perform their due diligence and evaluate its findings. References New York Times. (2013). How Coca-Cola Obtains Its Coca. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/01/business/how-coca-cola-obtains-its-coca.html U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (n.d.). Spotlight on Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Retrieved from http://www.sec.gov/spotlight/fcpa.shtml

Social Media: Youth And Pakistan

Social Media: Youth And Pakistan This Literature review discusses published information that are reveling to our topic and this information obtained from the others work which has already been done by researchers and published in articles, books, journal and websites. SOCIAL MEDIA Recent trend clearly shows a shift of business users and youth from traditional communication advertising such as television, radio, newspaper and magazines are no longer appealing to them. Social media refers to web based service that allows individuals for sharing, collaborating and taking insight to each other without any geographic barriers and with the help of new media tool of internet. Elliot (2012) DIGITAL MARKETING MARKETING: The growing importance of social media websites particularly YouTube, Face book and LinkedIn and their penetration in the country cannot be ignored by corporate managers who for the most part do not have a effective social media team. A host of local as well as multinational companies operating in Pakistan now see social media as an important marketing tool to promote their brands Baloch (2012) In 2010, business professionals took social media seriously, Social media growth immensely increase by personal users and businesses adoptability. In this year Face book has 600 million users and they are heading towards one billion mark. 20 million people become fan of pages per day, 60 million status updates per day, The average time for users spend is more than 55 minutes. Over 2 billion videos are uploaded in YouTube and 46% of internet users are interact with social media on daily basic. Schrum (2011) As our chosen topic depends on exploratory research so these articles encourage us to determine how social media are effective to target youth of Karachi. Social media uniqueness is to target mass audience by individually and looking to meet new potential consumer. In social media Face book, YouTube and LinkedIn have major growth and it reaches mass audience and youth as well. SOCIAL MEDIA, YOUTH AND PAKISTAN: In the last 10 years Pakistan social media sector growth increase unexpectedly. With the population exceeding over 180 million there is 20 million users connected to internet which is 12% of its population which are much bigger then India 5% of internet users in total population. In Face book there is over 5 million Pakistani users which is 15% of Face book total users and more than half of them lies age between 18 to 24. In 2010 Flood strike in Pakistan than with the help of social media youth of Pakistan utilize social media platform by minute to minute updates in stricken area and motivate the whole population to contribute in relief efforts so there is a huge revelation and impact on social media in the youth of Pakistan. Inam (2011) Social medias impact on youth marketing: Now social media plays an important role in youth life style and companies targeting youth by social networking because it becomes culture in youth to use Face book, YouTube and LinkedIn on daily bases. Usage of Smartphone is also very common in youth to reach social networking because in universities and colleges there is a policy to limit social networking within class timing or working hours so youth now have a Smartphone to reach social websites easily by their pocket phones. In Face book and LinkedIn companies develop pages and put advertisement on it and it has options of like and comment which gives them insight of youth liking and disliking and they collaborating each others as a result of that companies create huge brand image even before its product launch. Blogging is also very effective social media tool to target youth in which companies create discussion section in order to get opinions about brands and services and platform become the source of research, marketing stra tegies and development. Misa (2011) RESEARCHERS THOUGHTS Social media websites like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn come with unbelievable techniques to communicate with family, colleges, friends and also market your product in that effective manner that the users of that sites can like your product. All the previous researches that have been done on social media as an effective medium to target the youth has come on that conclusions that social media can be a very handful tool for the companies to market their product. Murdough (2009) have positively agreed on the potential of social media but ike any other marketing tool it is difficult to gauge the kind of impact that it lays on the masses. Through many research surveys the results that came out that identifies that many young peoples age group (18-25) are the more users of networking sites (facebook, twitter, linkdin) then any other age group and due to that these social networking sites are experiencing dramatic world wide growth. Moreover, researchers have contented that the perceived benefit of use of social networking sites achieve network externalities in which positive feedback produces more and more users, thereby increasing its social platform (Powell 2009). Most of the researchers have agreed on Facebook as its statistics indicates that its members are swiftly increasing day by day because its provides a new method of communicating employing computers as a collaborative tool to accelerate group formation and escalate group scope and influence allowing users to present themselves, connect to a social network, and develop and maintain relationship with others. Facebook is being widely used all over the world as it stats tells as compare to the other social networking sites so many researches are giving positive comments about Facebook. As the social media marketing is increasing day by day as many researches have identified in their research so the companies are likely to be taking social media component for their product promotion and marketing very seriously because enhanced engagement in social media has features such as increased speed with which information can be gathered and transmitted, greater volume of information that is easily accessible, more flexibility in how and when information is accessed and much great opportunity to interact with others I a range of context using text, audio or video. However in my opinion social media have has altered the media marketing paradigm by defining the new set of relationships between young people and organizations in which marketing and organizations have become pervasive, creating new hybrid forms that blend communications, content and commerce. Common Theories: Well there are most of the things that are common in every previous research that has been done on social media marketing as an effective medium to target the youth. As social media being a very popular medium among the youth so it has an influence on the purchasing decision. In todays digital-focused marketing environment, the internet as a communication and transaction channel adds two more inputs and influencers of buying behavior to the model. The first one is online marketing mix, which basically represents the controllable online experiences provided by the corporate. The second one is the social media experiences which are by and large beyond the marketers control. In my opinion the social media has a very good impact on the purchasing decision of the users because due to various techniques that many companies are using to promote their product on social media can attract users and they like d that product and ultimately buy it. Various researches have established framework s for social issues that have been discussed by most of the researches in their respective research. Social issues like In (health, education, environment, politics, safetyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..e.t.c). Many researchers have described in their social marketing campaigns however, the model of communication for social change describes this interactive process best where by a social change in a community improves the health and welfare of all its members, driven by dialogue and collective action. Current scenario: According to the researchers Pakistan is a developing nation where digital networked technologies and new media platforms are just emerging (Yusuf 2008). Although many concluded that that availability of digital technologies and social media platforms facilitates democratic practices and participatory behavior, whether this is equally true for developing countries like Pakistan, is debatable. Most of the researches agues that the ability to use digital technologies and new media meaningfully, impacts participatory behavior and civic action, which is often overcome through the combined use of different technologies and concludes that new media platforms are increasingly effective as tools for community organizing and information dissemination. According to the different stats Pakistan has quit significant numbers of the users of social media that have an active account on different social networking site so they can be targeted through that medium. Our study is based on the topic social media as an effective medium to target the youth of Karachi as Pakistan has quit significant of users on social networking sites and especially Karachi has been amoung the largest city in Pakistan and majority of users resides in Karachi according to the study more then half of the users lie between the age group of 18-24 can be targeted through social media and most of the companies are now working on that. In many previous researches most of the researchers used Exploratory research approach because this is an develop theory we just have to identified whether it is effective or not we just have to testify that so exploratory approach can be used and in my opinion it us the correct approach that is being used. Qualitative methodology being used commonly in previous researches. This is survey research so the Questionnaire being used as an instrument to collect the data because in this type of study you have to gather the thoughts of different users who use the social media network sites so in my opinion this is the best instrument for collecting the data because on the basis of the users opinions you can improve your promoting techniques to promote your product on social media. Conclusion: Analysis of the previous researches and related articles have indicates that social media is a very important tool for networking among youngsters. As they are using these websites and their numbers are increasing day by day. In Pakistan the users are also increasing day by day and these are the good signs for the company who are working in Pakistan. These websites are helping the users to build their professional contacts and provides the users with various networking applications that make them hooked on to these social media websites. There is also an increasing trend among youngsters to buy products online through these websites so thats makes marketers to realized the importance of social media website as an essential component of integrated marketing communications. So many companies are driving different research methods to target the youth effectively on social media. Promotion on social media can actually encourage constant interaction with the customers, gaining an insight on their like and preferences and problems associated with the products. So through analysis of all the previous evidence it assures that social media marketing is an effective tool to target the youth.

Astronaut Performance and Health Risks

Astronaut Performance and Health Risks One of the major NASAs operation is space exploration which is the constant investigation and discovery of celestial patterns in the space by means of developing and increasing space technology. Although the space is studied by astronomers using telescopes, it can be physically explored both by unmanned robotic assistances and human astronauts. As the period of the space mission and the distance of the exploration increases, the importance of systems monitoring astronaut health increases as well. For example, as a result of factors such as gravity fields, space radiation, change in pressure, change in oxygen level, distance and long-term weightlessness, human body may suffer significant hazardous effects including muscle atrophy, spaceflight osteopenia, cardiovascular system malfunctioning, balance disorders, eyesight disorders and immune system weakening. NASAs new policies for space exploration by astronauts mandates significant changes and improvements in astronaut health monitori ng systems. Therefore, health monitoring throughout all phases of space exploration including in-flight and extra-vehicular activity is essential. The real-time monitoring of astronauts physiological situations should be performed, either onboard or from Earth, and the obtained information must be evaluated. To examine the astronauts performance and health risks involved with space missions and develop essential technology and breakthroughs to minimize the risks and provide safer and more effective exploration, the Human Research Program (HRP) has been found at NASA [1]. The research scope of this program falls on four sections of Exploration Medical Capability, Human Factors and Behavioral Performance, Human Health Countermeasure, and Space Radiation. The overall emphasis of Exploration Medical Capability research section is to develop novel technologies to deal with the challenges of extending human space exploration and habitation. It is particularly intended to provide evidence-based techniques to observe and preserve astronaut health. To fulfil this objective, it is necessary to develop methods to detect and avoid any health risks that might happen during space missions [2]. To do so, an integrated research plan is employed by HRP to recognize the methods and research activities int ended to deal with health threats, which are allocated to certain sections within the program and is placing requests for more detailed and accurate data to be recorded relative to astronaut health monitoring. Such efforts are raising awareness for the need to deploy effective and comprehensive physiological monitoring in order to develop accurate documentation of astronaut health during Extra-vehicular activity and event performance. Conventionally, the only physiological factor observed through NASA extra-vehicular activities was the heart rate. Modern spacesuits integrate comprehensive life-support systems and modular components. These spacesuits highly assist space missions mostly throughout maintenance jobs and exploration operations. A variety of spacesuits has been made in the course of time and they have developed into todays modern, modular and self-contained forms [3]. Monitoring the crew members through their spacesuits during the space operations such as extra-vehicular activities provides the information about the performance and health of the members as well as the environmental awareness which is necessary to fulfil mission requirements. However, most of these methods require direct contacts of sensors, either in the form of electrode or garment, to the body which, under certain conditions such as anxiety and perspiration, make the results not to be error-free [4]. Therefore, the need for contact-less sensors able to monitor physiological and health status of the astronauts especially during extra-vehicular activity is essential. Furthermore, these sensors must be non-invasive or minimally invasive and very sensitive and provide real time information. On top of that, the sensors should be durable, gravity-independent, low in power consumption, compact in size while simply repairable or replaceable. To fill the gap for effective monitoring we propose†¦.. The objectives of this proposal are highly aligned with NASAs requirements as follows [1]: EVA 10: Can knowledge and use of real-time physiological and system parameters during EVA operations improve crew health and performance? EVA 8: What are the physiological inputs and outputs associated with EVA operations in exploration environments? Osteo 5: We need an inflight capability to monitor bone turnover and bone mass changes during spaceflight. Sleep Gap 1: We need to identify a set of validated and minimally obtrusive tools to monitor and measure sleep-wake activity and associated performance changes for spaceflight. SM7.1: Determine if there are decrements in performance on functional tasks after long-duration spaceflight. Determine how changes in physiological function, exercise activity, and/or clinical data account for these decrements. Team Gap 2: We need to identify a set of validated measures, based on the key indicators of team function, to effectively monitor and measure team health and performance fluctuations during autonomous, long duration and/or distance exploration missions. References: [1] https://humanresearchroadmap.nasa.gov/ [2] https://humanresearchroadmap.nasa.gov/Explore/ [3] https://www.nasa.gov/feature/the-next-generation-of-suit-technologies [4] https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/research/technology-onepagers/life-guard.html