261 Huck Finn Characters and Heros Journey Professor Ramos Blog

261 Huck Finn Characters and Heros Journey Speedy Write Speedy Write We talked last time about Twain and how he was incredulous of society. What are a few themes that he is censuring in the novel up until now? Huck Finn Continued We read Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Chapters 20-31 for now. Proceeding with our examination, I need to concentrate on the character of the characters for now. Lets think of a major rundown of characters from the novel. Huck Finn Saints Journey Hucks improvement follows the phases of the Heros Journey depicted my Joseph Campbell. Hucks venture is one of interior development and disclosure. He goes from the view that subjugation was appointed by God to an acknowledgment that subjection isn't right and uncalled for. Joseph Campbells Heros Journey Area ONE - Introduction to Setting, Characters Conflict The Ordinary World;â The Call to Adventure; Denying the Call; Meeting with the Mentor:â and Intersection the First Threshold. Area TWO - Action, Climax, Triumph Tests, Allies, and Enemies; Way to deal with the Inmost Cave; Ordeal;â and Prize. Area THREE - Resolution and Denouement The Road Back; Resurrection;and Come back with the Elixir. Huck Finns Journey In little gatherings, follow the improvement of Huck Finn in the novel after the Heros Journey. Concentrate on where Huck Finn is toward the start and particularly edge minutes/scenes where he changes. Hooligan Notes Summary and Analysis teachwithmovies.org/guides/huckleberry-finn.html

Stonewall Riots of 1969 Free Essays

Presentation The stonewall mobs of 1969 happened continuously for 3 days, everything began on June 27th in Greenwich Village, New York at the Stonewall Inn. During the 1960’s it was normal for the police to assault gay bars, and when this would happen the gays and lesbians would attempt to escape the secondary passage. The police would capture the supporters and drag them off to prison, their names were recorded and distributed in the paper by the following day and subsequently they would be terminated from their employments. We will compose a custom exposition test on Stonewall Riots of 1969 or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now â€Å"The 1960s was a period of upset. The Civil Rights Movement was going full bore and individuals rampaged to fight the war in Vietnam. It wouldn't have been long until gays and lesbians went to bat for their privileges also. †(A history of Gay and Lesbian Pride) June is currently the month known as Gay Pride month, when all gays and lesbians skip and march to celebrate. Setting/Background Living in the 1960’s as a gay or potentially lesbian was exceptionally troublesome in certainty the best way to be protected was to be â€Å"in the closet†, not straightforwardly gay to the general population. Police took it up as their obligation to capture gay benefactors who were seen kissing one another, hitting the dance floor with each other, or in any event, clasping hands with each other. â€Å"Generally simply being available was sufficient in their psyches to warrant a capture. Obviously when this showed up in the paper they were selected as having carried out a Crime against nature. †(The history and effect of the Stonewall Riots) Issues Involved/Causes During the 1950’s †1990’s gay couples were not permitted to contact or hit the dance floor with each other; it was likewise illicit for ladies to spruce up in men’s attire and men to dress in women’s garments. In the event that three realized gay people were sitting at a table together, at that point it is unlawful to serve a mixed refreshment to them. â€Å"If the gay’s didn’t conform to the laws then they were confronted with a fine, a night in prison, and the following morning they would have their names printed the day by day papers and have a record under criminal activity†. (The history and effect of the Stonewall Riots) Event On June 27th police struck a gay bar in Greenwich, New York at the Stonewall Inn. Police requested distinguishing proof papers from costumers, they accompanied them outside on to the walkways were they were pushed off and others were placed into a paddy-cart. That’s when a portion of the lesbians and gays began to retaliate. They Chanted â€Å"Gay Power† all while tossing containers and rocks at the police. â€Å"Riot veteran and gay rights lobbyist Craig Rodwell says: â€Å"A number of occurrences were going on all the while. There was nobody thing that occurred or one individual, there was just†¦ a blaze of gathering, of mass annoyance. (The stonewall riots-1969) Crowds before long started to develop outside the Stonewall Inn. Each time the police would have the group spilt up it would simply begin again directly behind them and again they would begin to recite. Thirteen capture had been made on the primary night of the mob a considerable lot of the dissenters were singled out and beaten and afterward were captured. With around 2,000 disside nts and just around 400 cops, the strategic watch power was brought in to scatter the uproars however with a bombed endeavor the mob progressed forward. Result/Effects/Aftermath Effects of the Stonewall Riots were that the gay network in new York joined in the battle against separation and June got known as a gay month to commend their pride in homosexuality. The gay freedom front was sorted out. Gay individuals figured out how to stand firm for themselves and to retaliate. Reflection Though gay issues are as yet an issue today in America, the Stonewall Riots was the initial move toward joining the gay network to begin standing firm for what they accept is correct. I accept that on the off chance that it wasn’t for the Stonewall Riots, at that point life for gays and lesbians would in any case be equivalent to it was at that point. It was the Stonewall Riot that prompted gay freedoms and for the gay network to begin cooperating to make life simpler for them. I don’t accept that the police ought to have gone the extent that they did with attacking gay bars, however it was there ridings that hinted at the Stonewall Riot so really I’m happy that they did that in any case the gay freedom front may have never been framed. Step by step instructions to refer to Stonewall Riots of 1969, Essay models

Research Paper Format Example

Research Paper Format ExampleThe research paper format example that I'm going to discuss with you is one that I have used many times before when I was in college. This particular paper is an example of what can be expected if you want to format your own research paper.You may not be familiar with this example. In any case, it's a good place to start learning about the format that you'll be using if you ever write a paper.I'm going to use this research paper format example as a starting point for my research paper. If you would like to skip right to the meat of it, please continue reading.In this research paper format example, we're going to assume that we're using Microsoft Word to format the research paper. You should already know how to use this application to produce academic writing, but if you don't, it's really easy to get started with.For starters, you need to click on the 'End of Last Paragraph' option on the Word toolbar. Then, you need to put a checkmark by the word 'final. ' Now, you need to click on the 'Format' button on the ribbon.The next step is to insert a new page and put the title of the initial paragraph at the top of the page. Then, just keep going down the page, inserting each paragraph after the previous one. Don't worry about filling the page out - I'll tell you when it's time to.Once you have finished all the initial paragraphs, you need to put a cross-out sign on the bottom right corner of the page. Click on the 'Format' button in the ribbon and then put the final word of advice - 'End.' That's it!In this research paper format example, you've made a start and you've learned how to insert the first paragraph, the body of the paper, and the end of the paper into Word. Now that you have an idea of what you're working with, you can start putting your own ideas into words!

Guil Naquitz (Mexico) - Key Evidence of Maize Domestication History

Guil Naquitz (Mexico) - Key Evidence of Maize Domestication History Guil Naquitz is one of the most significant archeological locales in the Americas, perceived for its advancement disclosures in understanding plant taming. The site was uncovered during the 1970s by KV Flannery, utilizing then-new strategies for natural and biological examining, and the consequences of those testing methods and different unearthings that followed changed what archeologists had recently comprehended of the planning of plant taming. Guil Naquitz is a little caveâ occupied at any rate multiple times somewhere in the range of 8000 and 6500 BC, by trackers and gatherers, most likely throughout the fall (October to December) of the year. The cavern is in the Tehuacn valley of the territory of Oaxaca, Mexico, around 5 kilometers (3 miles) northwest of the town of Mitla. The mouth of the cavern opens close to the base of an enormous ignimbrite precipice rising ~300 meters (~1000 feet) over the valley floor. Order and Stratigraphy Five common layers (An E) were distinguished in the cavern stores, which stretched out to a most extreme profundity of 140 centimeters (55 inches). Sadly, just the top layers (A) can be indisputably dated, in view of radiocarbon dates from its living floors and earthenware which matches Monte Alban IIIB-IV, ca. 700 AD. The dates of different layers inside the cavern are to a degree opposing: yet AMS radiocarbon dates on the plant parts found inside layers B, C, and D have returned dates to almost 10,000 years back, well inside the Archaic time frame and, for the time it was found, mind-blowingly early. Extensive and warmed discussion happened during the 1970s, especially about the radiocarbon dates from Guila Naquitzs teosinte (antecedent to maize) cob sections, concerns which to a great extent disseminated after comparatively old dates for maize were recouped from the San Marcos and Coxcatlan collapses Oaxaca and Puebla, and the Xihuatoxtla site in Guerrero. Full scale and Micro Plant Evidence A wide scope of plant food was recouped inside the cavern stores of Guil Naquitz, including oak seeds, pinyon, desert flora natural products, hackberries, mesquite cases, and above all, the wild types of container gourd, squash and beans. Different plants bore witness to at Guila Naquitz bean stew peppers, amaranth, chenopodium, and agave. This proof incorporates plant partspeduncles, seeds, organic products, and skin sections, yet additionally dust and phytoliths. Three cobs with plant components of bothâ teosinte (the wild forebear ofâ maize)â and maize, were found inside the stores and direct-dated by AMS radiocarbon dating to around 5400 years of age; they give a few indications of taming. Squash skins were likewise radiocarbon dated: they returned dates of roughly 10,000 years back. Sources This article is a piece of the About.com manual for the American Archaic, and the Dictionary of Archeology. Benz BF. 2001. Archeological proof of teosinte training from Guil Naquitz, Oaxaca. Procedures of the National Academy of Sciences 98(4):2105-2106. Crawford GW. 2015. Food Production, Origins of. In: Wright JD, supervisor. Universal Encyclopedia of the Social Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition). Oxford: Elsevier. p 300-306. Flannery KV. 1986. Guila Naquitz: Archaic Foraging and Early Agriculture in Oaxaca, Mexico. New York: Academic Press. Marcus J, and Flannery KV. 2004. The coevolution of custom and society: New 14C dates from old Mexico. Procedures of the National Academy of Sciences 101(52):18257â€18261. Piperno DR. 2003. A couple of bits shy of a cob: on the Staller and Thompson late section situation for the presentation of maize into northern South America. Diary of Archeological Science 30(7):831-836. Schoenwetter J. 1974. Dust Records of Guila Naquitz Cave. American Antiquity 39(2):292-303. Smith BD. 1997. The Initial Domestication of Cucurbita pepo in the Americas 10,000 Years Ago. Science 276(5314):932-934. Warinner C, Garcia NR, and Tuross N. 2013. Maize, beans and the flower isotopic decent variety of good country Oaxaca, Mexico. Diary of Archeological Science 40(2):868-873.

Is the American Dream Dead? Essay

The thought American dream is a crucial piece of the American culture and culture, many books, articles and tunes manages this subject, lawmakers frequently notice it in their discourses. In spite of the fact that the expression has various implications to various individuals, it recommends a hidden conviction that difficult work pays off and that the cutting edge will have a superior life than the past age. These days this conviction is tested and increasingly more concern is enunciated regarding the American dream in the 21st century. As humorist, creator and social pundit George Carlin have put it: â€Å"It’s called the American dream since you must be snoozing to accept it.† In what tails I might want to investigate the topic of the American dream all in all and think about its point in the 21st century by expounding on its over a wide span of time. The development of the American dream Student of history James Truslow Adams is credited for being the first advancing the possibility of the American dream in his book The Epic of America (1931). He describes the American dream as â€Å"that dream of a land in which life ought to be better and more extravagant and more full for everybody, with open door for each as per capacity or achievement.† But a similar thought existed since the settler times. In 1630 John Winthrop give a message to his kindred Puritan pioneers in which he definite his vision of a general public wherein everybody would get an opportunity to thrive, as long as they all cooperated and followed Biblical lessons. In the end, the expectation for fairness of chance advanced in colonists’ mind into a natural right. In excess of a hundred years after the fact Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Independenceâ asserted that each American †aside from the slaves †reserve the privilege to â€Å"life, freedom and quest for happiness.† As developed America in the nineteenth century, so did the quantity of migrants who considered the to be as a place where there is fresh chances to succeed where anything could be accomplished if an individual hoped against hope sufficiently large. The words â€Å"American dream† step by step started to show up in paper articles and books in the mid-to late-1800s. The primary troubles showed up during the Great Depression during the 1930s. It influenced both the rich and poor people. The independent moguls lost their fortune, Americans of humbler methods lost their positions and homes. With the start of Roosevelt’s administration another time start in the American history thus did in the development of the Dream. In a 1941 discourse Roosevelt visioned another, legislature helped American dream, which included full business, government help for the old and those unfit to work, and â€Å"enjoyment of the products of logical advancement in a more extensive and continually rising standard of living.† Previously the accomplishment of the American dream relied upon the individual’s capacity and difficult work, presently, because of the Depression the government’s help was required. The post-World War II success implied for some Americans the satisfaction of the Dream, with the goal that he confidence in the American dream was reestablished least for the greater part. At this point the American dream was equivalent to accumulating riches, however the other significant angle sank into obscurity. In a 1964 discourse entitled â€Å"The American Dream,† social equality pioneer Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr voiced this other viewpoint which Thomas Jefferson’s explanation: â€Å"All men are equal†. For King the Dream was that equivalent rights and openings would be conceded for everybody paying little mind to skin-shading. During the 1970s, with the U.S. economy slowing down, swelling on the ascent and the country torn by both racial struggle and an irate gap over the Vietnam War the possibility of the American dream got addressed by and by. A french student of history Ingrid Carlander in her book (Les Americaines) asserted that the American dream was dead. These conditions lead to the change of the Dream once more. In 1980 Ronald Reagen got down to business, who was the exemplification of the American dream. He had ascended to administration from an unassuming ranch family in Illinois. Therefore his words is by all accounts credited when he guaranteed that America is as yet a spot where â€Å"everyone can ascend as high and far as his capacity will take him†. His answer for the emergency of the Dream was to disestablish the reliance on the administration by cutting duties. From the start sight it was by all accounts effective, however Congressional Budget Office information shows the inverse. Somewhere in the range of 1979 and 2005, the pay of the last 99 percent of U.S. family units grew 21 percent after assessments, a pace of short of what one percent a year, insufficient to stay aware of swelling. However, during that equivalent period, the after-charge pay of the most extravagant one percent of Americans developed by 225 percent. In 1979, the most extravagant one percent made eight fold the amount of as the normal working class family. In 2005, the most extravagant made 21 fold the amount of as the white collar class. The information shows that the imbalance between the rich and the poor widened the tax reductions were unreasonably effective for the rich. The American dream in the 21st century In the cutting edge American culture the confidence in the American dream is declining. Zachary Karabell in his article â€Å"American Dream May Have Waned for Some, But Lives On for Many† claims that sentiment about the American dream’s presence has all the earmarks of being divided into equal parts. Notwithstanding this the lost in confidence is considerably more underscored in the press. The incredulity develops and it is mostly a direct result of the Great Recession. The money related and opportunity contrasts between poor people and rich which began under Raegen develop. An ongoing New York Times study affirms the disparities, it shows that salary portability significantly relies upon what part of the U.S. you live in. As Karabell have placed in his other article† another American dream for another American century† â€Å"Those who live in metropolitan regions, just as those with progressively advanced education and wealthier guardians, have essentially more upward versatility than numerous in provincial areas.† These hindrances to the upward development on the â€Å"income ladder† is something really against the American dream. The individuals who didn't lose confidence in the fantasy totally, reclassified it. The overview, led by GFK Custom Research for Credit.com, found that most respondents (27.9%) said the American Dream is resigning monetarily secure at 65, however coming in at second spot, 23% characterized it as being without obligation. Different choices were possessing a home (18.2%), moving on from school orâ paying off your understudy advances (6.6%) and joining the 1% (4.3%). The reactions were balanced by: other (11.4%), none (0.2%) and don’t know/no reaction (8.5%). The old meaning of the American dream was more than two flourishing, school destined children, a canine or feline and not one, yet two vehicles in the carport that were claimed by and large, at long last and above all possessing a house as indicated by Adam Levin (â€Å"The New American Dream: It’s Not What You Think†) As we can see the new age have considerably less desire, the fantasy would come into the real world on the off chance that they could accomplish essential budgetary soundness. To close, the American dream is an as old thought as the nation itself. It experienced hardships recent and flourished after them, what changed is that Western-Europe shut everything down giving fairness of chance so America lost its uniqueness in this regard. Expressing the American dream’s passing is perhaps untimely, yet over the long haul its peculiarity as a place where there is potential and plausibility will grow dim, and gets one out of my where the individual can understand his/her fantasies.

Many More Geistesblitzes! - Focus

Many More Geistesblitzes! - Focus Please note: This article was last updated in 2008. As of 2017, Geistesblitz is only available for Apple Watch. More details here. Not too long ago we launched the Geistesblitz Tools widgets for Mac OS Dashboard and Windows Vista for quickly inserting ideas into a MindMeister mind map and received lots of great feedback. However, we also received some not so good feedback from users of older Windows versions, who found themselves unable to use these gadgets So, weve taken that feedback very seriously and are now proud to give you not one, not two but three new versions of Geistesblitz, for Yahoo! Widgets, iGoogle, and the iPhone. We hope this will make everybody happy! Geistesblitz Yahoo! Widget Yahoo! Widgets (formerly Konfabulator) is the most common widget engine out there and works on all recent Windows versions, as well as Mac OS. So we thought it would only be fair to support this as well! System Requirements: Windows 2000/XP/Vista or Mac OS X Geistesblitz iGoogle Gadget For those of you who already live and breathe through the web browser, the Geistesblitz gadget for iGoogle is the weapon of choice one click to add the gadget to your iGoogle page and you can begin to fire off ideas to MindMeister straight from your web portal! Browser Requirements: MSIE 6+, Firefox, Safari, Opera Geistesblitz iPhone Gadget With 4 million phones sold within half a year, developing for the iPhone recently became more than a fashion statement. While youll have to wait a little longer for the full iPhone interface, heres a cheeky gadget for your iPhone browser as a little taster! System Requirements: Apple iPhone or iPod Touch

Many More Geistesblitzes! - Focus

Many More Geistesblitzes! - Focus Please note: This article was last updated in 2008. As of 2017, Geistesblitz is only available for Apple Watch. More details here. Not too long ago we launched the Geistesblitz Tools widgets for Mac OS Dashboard and Windows Vista for quickly inserting ideas into a MindMeister mind map and received lots of great feedback. However, we also received some not so good feedback from users of older Windows versions, who found themselves unable to use these gadgets So, weve taken that feedback very seriously and are now proud to give you not one, not two but three new versions of Geistesblitz, for Yahoo! Widgets, iGoogle, and the iPhone. We hope this will make everybody happy! Geistesblitz Yahoo! Widget Yahoo! Widgets (formerly Konfabulator) is the most common widget engine out there and works on all recent Windows versions, as well as Mac OS. So we thought it would only be fair to support this as well! System Requirements: Windows 2000/XP/Vista or Mac OS X Geistesblitz iGoogle Gadget For those of you who already live and breathe through the web browser, the Geistesblitz gadget for iGoogle is the weapon of choice one click to add the gadget to your iGoogle page and you can begin to fire off ideas to MindMeister straight from your web portal! Browser Requirements: MSIE 6+, Firefox, Safari, Opera Geistesblitz iPhone Gadget With 4 million phones sold within half a year, developing for the iPhone recently became more than a fashion statement. While youll have to wait a little longer for the full iPhone interface, heres a cheeky gadget for your iPhone browser as a little taster! System Requirements: Apple iPhone or iPod Touch

College Essays and Writing Ability

College Essays and Writing Ability September 3, 2012 Your writing ability matters a great deal in your college essays. Dont think for a second that it doesnt. College essays are an opportunity for admissions officers to gauge a students writing ability. No matter the topic, no matter the question posed to applicants, each essay response is an opportunity for admissions officers to judge how well you can write, what kind of person you are, and how you think. If you think that college admissions officers arent looking at how well you convey your thoughts and are instead just looking to see if your college essays are consistent with your extracurricular activities and grades, youd be wrong. As Princetons Dean of Admission, Janet Rapelye, states to The New York Times' The Choice blog on the topic of college essays and writing ability, Your ability to write well is critical to our decision because your writing reflects your thinking. No matter what question is asked on a college application, admission officers are looking to see how well you convey your ideas and express yourself in writing. It is our window to your world. Shes exactly right. So what kind of window are you going to choose? How are you going to portray yourself? These are the types of questions you should be asking yourself as you brainstorm essay topics. If youre a senior, hopefully youve already done all of this since the clock is surely ticking. But if youre a junior, start thinking about these questions. Start thinking about what you want to say about yourself to college admissions officers. And start thinking about just how you want to say it.

The Ethical Issues Within Counseling - 891 Words

The ethical issues presented in this scenario is the following: Jay has disclosed to the counselor that he is contemplating suicide the same evening and the counselor is aware that he has attempted suicide in the past and has the means to carry out his threat (Argosy University Online. 2015). Because confidentiality is such a critical issue within counseling, exceptions to confidentiality must also be heavily considered. What if not breaking confidentiality leads to harm? Section B.1.c. outlines the exceptions to confidentiality including the fact that confidentiality does not apply, when disclosure is required to prevent clear and imminent danger to the client (Bongar Stolberg, 2009). The limits of confidentiality that must be considered by the counselor in this case are listed below: B.1.c. Respect for Confidentiality—protect the confidential information of prospective and current clients. Counselors disclose information only with appropriate consent or with sound legal or ethical justification (ACA Code of Ethics, 2014). B.1.d. Explanation of Limitations—at initiation and throughout the counseling process, counselors inform clients of the limitations of confidentiality and seek to identify situations in which confidentiality must be breached (ACA Code of Ethics, 2014). B.2.a. Serious and Foreseeable Harm and Legal Requirements—counselors keep information confidential does not apply when disclosure is required to protect clients or identified others from seriousShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues Within The Field Of The Counseling Profession2773 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction â€Å"In the middle of the journey of our life I came to myself within a dark wood where the straight way was lost† –Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines ethics as the rules of behavior based on ideas of what is morally good and bad. 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The Analysis of Business Structures - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2050 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? THE ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS STRUCTURES Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Analysis of Business Structures" essay for you Create order Whether or Not the Frequency and Regulation of Employeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Pay Matter. ESSAY QUESTION A lot of research in economics has examined the effects of how and how much an employee is paid by her employer. Does it also matter when (i.e. how frequently) an employee is paid? If so, should the timing of pay be regulated by governments? Introduction The labour market is a competitive market where firm owners devise employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ pay in order to attract and retain staff at a minimum cost. In order to take full advantage of the sum of the principal and agentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s utility in the labour market and to reduce agency cost, the need for optimal contract arises and is vital for solving the incentive problem (Brickley et al., 2009). Pay has always been one of the vital issues in creating optimal contracts (Yeh et al., 2009). This writing seeks to explore the employee pay, which is one of the issues encountered in the labour market. The issues to be explored are; pay dispersion, whether the frequency of pay matters as well as whether or not the timing of pay should be regulated by the government. Empirical Evidences on the Effect of Employee Pay Dispersion Employee pay structure characteristics (i.e. performance-based and non-performance-based pay) can encourage or discourage turnover among employees, since hourly wages, salary or incentive pay act as key motivators for most employees (Rynes et al., 2004; Downes and Choi, 2014; Brickley et al., 2009; Fama, 1991). Equally important is the employee pay dispersion, which can also be referred to as pay variation or pay differential. To address this issue further, most researchersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ have found out that performance-based pay dispersion is generally motivating for firms and employees (Downes and Choi, 2014; Kepes et al., 2009; Shaw et al., 2002; Ding et al., 2009; Gupta et al., 2012). Furthermore, employees will react in a different manner depending on their position in the chain of command i.e. top level employee react optimistically to pay dispersion while low level employee responds pessimistically to increased pay dispersion. On the contrary, an empirical investigation carried out by Hunnes (2009) on wage dispersion shows that it is not easy to ascertain the effect of these changes on firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance. Having briefly discussed the effects of pay dispersion on employees and organisational performance, the next section seeks to explore the reason why the frequency of pay matters which is equally important in the structure of pay. Does Frequency of Pay Matter? The frequency of pay relates to how often employees are regularly paid by their employers for their efforts (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013; Zhang, 2013a). According to Parsons and Van Wesep (2013) the frequency of pay should matter especially for employees who are paid less thereby encountering less savings buffer with which to smooth consumption (i.e., workers who earn less should be paid more frequently). For this reason, the frequency of pay is significantly important as a result of the regular expenditures (i.e. monthly bills) and self-control problems by employees not adhering to consumption schedule which has been pre-planned, thereby causing low savings (Parson and Van Wesep, 2013). In addition, the differences in workerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s education, financial sophistication and income are also considerable reasons why the frequency of pay matters (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013). Contrary to Zhang (2013a) prediction, his empirical findings show that due to complex environment faced by different people when making decisions, timing differences in workers income can be of large consequence on the household consumption pattern of workers. Corroborating this view, Stephens and Unayama (2011) and Stephens (2006) supported this notion by concluding in their study that household consumption responds to the receipt of forecasted seasonal income variation. This occurs due to time inconsistency, mental accounting and budgeting heuristics in which inexperienced individuals predict their current income into the future (Zhang, 2013a; Zhang, 2013b). Apparently, the frequency of pay matters. Zhang (2013b) also supported Parsons and Van Wesep (2013) that individuals that are time inconsistent have present-biased preferences and exhibit problems with self-control. Furthermore, Hollensbe and Guthrie (2000) on a study of a group pay-for-performance plans, found that groups are extremely motivated in their job and will be committed to the challenging goals set by them if their pay is based on performance and frequent pay. On the contrary, Chung et al. (2010) examined the effects of incentive pay frequency on quality measures in a physician-specific pay-for-performance (P4P) experiment and found no degree of difference in the general quality measure scores based on the frequency of pay. Drawing on the ideas of different researchers on whether the frequency of pay matters, it is obvious that frequency of pay has some benefits. According to Parsons and Van Wesep (2013), the positive effect of the frequency of pay is more significant for workers who earn less and also, frequent pay leads to an increase in workersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ utility, reduction in the general wage the worker is eager to accept, and minimizes firm cost. Similarly, in order to avoid the huge consequence of household consumption pattern, the frequency of pay matters (Stephens, 2006; Stephens and Unayama, 2011; Zhang, 2013a). Frequency of pay can also help to avoid expected variation in the total of income received per consumption decision period (Zhang, 2013a; Zhang, 2013b). Plans with larger and enhanced frequency in bonus payment have greater motivation influence for workers (Hollensbe and Guthrie, 2000). Despite the overall benefits in favour of the frequency of pay, some researchers have found that it also has some undesirable effects on the firm. The benefit of frequency of pay to employees might sometimes lead to a variation that is unrelated to marginal utility of the firm pay (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013). Moreover, frequent payment has been seen to be expensive as unstable employees encounter feast-famine consumption cycle during their period of pay (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013). Based on the research reviewed to this point, most researchers have argued that the frequency of pay matters although limited research has been carried out on the effect of the frequency of pay. The next part seeks to explore whether or not the timing of pay should be regulated by the government in correlation to the frequency of pay. Should the Timing of Pay be regulated by the Government or Not? With all the benefits in alignment with the timing of pay, issues on pay still arises both on the firm level and at the national level. Most researchers are in support of the regulation of pay by the government because it has been seen to be of great benefit to the employees, has a significant impact on the compensation structure and enhance optimum contracts (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013; Fama, 1991; Perry and Zenner, 2001). According to Parsons and Van Wesep (2013), the government of some countries are involved in the regulation of the timing of pay by specifying the minimum time between pay checks (e.g. weekly, bi-weekly, monthly etc) or by fixing a compulsory pay (e.g holiday bonuses,). However, the implementation of the frequency of pay through regulation by the government can be through fixed wage plus a bonus for the holidays, summer vacations, signing and severance (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013). For example, the regulation of holiday bonuses and the frequency of pay are obviou s in United States, Indonesian, Mexican, Greek, Sweden etc. Regulating the timing of pay by the government has been seen as a great benefit for employees and assisting workers to help themselves (Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013; Fama, 1991; Perry and Zenner, 2001). Thus, in order to gain from enhanced timing of pay, a monitoring mechanism which is government regulation has to be provided(Parsons and Van Wesep, 2013). This notion was supported due to time-inconsistency leads to workers having the tendency to renegotiate thereby preventing optimal contracts. Furthermore, Parsons and Van Wesep (2013) observed that employees have self-control problems which will lead them to sell their future pay at a discount in order to maximize the huge short run discount rate. Equally important is the government regulation on the frequency of bonus pay for the CEO compensation contract. The research conducted by Perry and Zenner (2001) reinforces the point that it has been observed that there is a current connection with lagged returns which is certain due to the timing when some organisations determine their bonus pay-outs and total pay. In direct correlation to this point of view, there was a positive significant impact in considering the government regulation in the timing of bonus pay From a Contrasting perspective, it is worth mentioning that piece-rate payment has been a contentious labour issue in many developed countries. According to the research conducted in Sweden by Smucker et al. (1998), he found that this kind of pay system was highly regulated and was legally recognized only under some situations because regulation was seen as a form of inappropriate control and was considered to be associated with job strain. Conclusion A firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance is often related to the dedication of its workers to joint values, which itself is a requirement for cooperative behaviour (Tremblay et al., 2000). Amongst some of the factors which are prone to enhance workers dedication, the awareness of fairness is significantly one of the ethics to which workers are the most insightful which includes, value and structure of pay, pay satisfaction as well as the frequency of pay. The main findings of the above discussion according to different researchers on the frequency of pay are effectively summed up in Parsons and Van Wesep (2013) that the frequency of pay matters to workers who earns less than the educated and rich workers since the distribution of present-bias varies relying upon the job rank and educational level of attainment. Researchers are divided on whether or not timing of pay should be regulated by the government, though the majority support regulation. References BRICKLEY, J., SMITH, C. ZIMMERMAN, J. 2009. Managerial Economics and Organizational Architecture, McGraw-Hill. CHUNG, S., PALANIAPPAN, L., WONG, E., RUBIN, H. LUFT, H. 2010. Does the frequency of pay-for-performance payment matter?Experience from a randomized trial. Health Serv Res, 45, 553-64. DING, D. Z., AKHTAR, S. GE, G. L. 2009. Effects of inter- and intra-hierarchy wage dispersions on firm performance in Chinese enterprises. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20, 2370-2381. DOWNES, P. E. CHOI, D. 2014. Employee reactions to pay dispersion: A typology of existing research. Human Resource Management Review, 24, 53-66. FAMA, E. F. 1991. Time, Salary, and Incentive Payoffs in Labor Contracts. Journal of Labor Economics, 9, 25-44. GUPTA, N., CONROY, S. A. DELERY, J. E. 2012. The many faces of pay variation. Human Resource Management Review, 22, 100-115. HOLLENSBE, E. C. GUTHRIE, J. P. 2000. Group Pay-for-Performance Plans: The Role of Spontaneous Goal Setting. The Academy of Management Review, 25, 864-872. HUNNES, A. 2009. Internal wage dispersion and firm performance: white-collar evidence. International Journal of Manpower, 30, 776-796. KEPES, S., DELERY, J. GUPTA, N. 2009. CONTINGENCIES IN THE EFFECTS OF PAY RANGE ON ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS. Personnel Psychology, 62, 497-531. PARSONS, C. A. VAN WESEP, E. D. 2013. The timing of pay. Journal of Financial Economics, 109, 373-397. PERRY, T. ZENNER, M. 2001. Pay for performance? Government regulation and the structure of compensation contracts. Journal of Financial Economics, 62, 453-488. RYNES, S. L., GERHART, B. MINETTE, K. A. 2004. The importance of pay in employee motivation: Discrepancies between what people say and what they do. Human Resource Management, 43, 381-394. SHAW, J. D., GUPTA, N. DELERY, J. E. 2002. Pay dispersion and workforce performance: moderating effects of incentives and interdependence. Strategic Management Journal, 23, 491-512. SMUCKER, J., VAN DEN BERG, A., SMITH, M. R. MASI, A. C. 1998. Labour deployment in plants in Canada and Sweden. Relations Industrielles, 53, 430-456. STEPHENS, M. 2006. Paycheque Receipt and the Timing of Consumption*. The Economic Journal, 116, 680-701. STEPHENS, M. UNAYAMA, T. 2011. The Consumption Response to Seasonal Income: Evidence from Japanese Public Pension Benefits. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 3, 86-118. TREMBLAY, M., SIRE, B. BALKIN, D. B. 2000. The role of organizational justice in pay and employee benefit satisfaction, and its effects on work attitudes. Group Organization Management, 25, 269-290. YEH, W.-Y., CHENG, Y. CHEN, C.-J. 2009. Social patterns of pay systems and their associations with psychosocial job characteristics and burnout among paid employees in Taiwan. Social Science Medicine, 68, 1407-1415. ZHANG, C. Y. 2013a. Consumption Responses to Pay Frequency: Evidence from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Extraà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Paychecks. Working Paper, University of Pennsylvania. ZHANG, C. Y. 2013b. Monthly Budgeting Heuristics: Evidence from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Extraà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Paychecks. Working Paper, University of Pennsylvania. 1

Holdens Depression in The Catcher in the Rye Essay

Nineteen million American adults suffer from a major case of depression (Web MD). That is a staggering one in every fifteen people (2 in our classroom alone). Holden Caulfield is clearly one of those people. Depression is a disease that leads to death but is also preventable. Psychology, stressful events, and prescription drugs are causes of depression. Stressful events brought on Holden’s depression. Holden has been trying to withstand losing a brother, living with careless parents, and not having many friends. The Catcher in the Rye is a book that takes us through the frazzled life of Holden Caulfield, who appears to be just a regular teen. But by hearing his thoughts and through heart-wrenching events in the book, the reader learns that†¦show more content†¦When he met up with Sally, Holden was so excited. He got to the meeting place early and eagerly awaited her arrival. Instead of going to see a movie, as previously planned, they went ice skating. 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What Makes A Good Education - 896 Words

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Solutions for Narrative Essay Samples for Students

Solutions for Narrative Essay Samples for Students To produce a great paper, you've got to adhere to the universal standards, utilize the proper structure, avoid plagiarism, and also try to disclose the chosen topic fully. Let's aim for approximately ten paragraphs. Additionally, you shouldn't neglect to look at your essay for any grammatical errors. If necessary, you can change the quantity of body paragraphs based on the topic. The instances that could be cited within this sort of essays don't really must be extremely rare and anything mundane can likewise be written on it. Listed below are suggestions on how to begin a narrative essay. It's one of the most elementary tasks geared toward demonstrating students' capacity to tell a comprehensive story correctly. If you're not given, you're absolutely free to ask for additional information from your professor. A narrative essay is believed to be among the most well-known kinds of tasks that students get all too often. Our essay writing company provides an extremely efficient method of learning how to compose various sorts of essays required in schools. Some of the most important platforms in internet communication are sites like Facebook and Twitter. Bear in mind that the volume of thi s sort of tasks is restricted. The subject of the narrative essay usually indicates the writer's experience and there's no need to use any data from the outside sources. The student should make effective use of whitespace and there ought to be total coherence in the whole thought procedure. Narrative Essay Samples for Students To make certain you think of an excellent personal narrative essay, you should have the ability to impact the reader through emotional and sensory perceptions. Don't utilize complex terms your readers desire a dictionary or thesaurus to comprehend. At times, however, a narrative isn't about such standard topics. Even the ideal narrative story isn't going to attract and engage a reader whether its text has a whole lot of errors like typos. Bear in mind that a high degree of detailing is a feature of all decent narrative essay examples. You should have the ability to spot the goal of your essay prior to your narration, and it's the topic choice that will establish the stream of your work. You've got to mention every individual involved whether it is the principal character or a side character. Narratives are geared toward telling about yourself. The narrative is quite personal, which means you should underline the importance of the ongoing events for your identity. Just from the start of your story, you need to be able to specify a tone that the remainder of your essay will adapt to keep a smooth flow. Going through the respective samples allows you to know how to frame your story and understand how to capture the interest of the reader and make contact with them in your narration. In case it's a personal narrative, it has to have details linked to personal experiences and their outcome. If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Narrative Essay Samples for Students You have to find the correct resources for your essay together with patience when finding the most suitable inspiration to write. Our exclusive offerings and exclusive features make us stand from the lot. In writing a narrative story, you want to keep in mind that it's the writer's choice to disclose the importance of an experience. Are you trying hard to find quality writers. Be attentive to the selection of words, and you've got excellent opportunities to create t he desired effect on your readers with the result of your work. It is impossible to compose a perfect essay from beginning to finish in 1 go. You should however look at what sort of point you wish to drive home and what type of impact you're searching to make with your essay. Write about the circumstances and surroundings where the situation happened. Since you may see, the narrative essay isn't complicated in any respect. If that's the case, then you ought to attempt writing narrative essays. Regardless of the very first impression, a narrative essay isn't the simplest of all assignments. The decent narrative essay demands enough moment. There are quite a lot of kinds of essays you might be assigned to finish. There are struggles that could easily be eliminated when you're in the early phases of writing your personal narrative essay. There's numerous essays completed by them. Proofread your essay repeatedly.

Role of Public Relations-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about a Case Study about an Organization dealt with Reputation Risk. Answer: Public Relations A crisis is any situation that compromises the integrity or reputation of an organization. In relation, this is where the concept of public relation joins the conversation. Public relations is the discipline which takes charge of looking after a companys reputation with the primary objective of understanding, supporting as well as influencing opinion and behavior. Also, public relations can be defined as a social science used in identifying and analyzing new trends, predicting their impacts on an organization, effectively counseling corporation leaders and also establishing planned action lineups aimed at serving both the publics and the organizations interest. Every crisis situation is normally unique and hence requires a customized system of response. The primary focus of this report is to efficiently analyze key lessons that can be derived from public relation crisis. The report is directed to the Chief Executive Officer from my department as the Corporate Reputation Manager. Background of the issue The genesis of the crisis is traced from when a teenage girl, named Cassey Syler went out for shopping and paid a visit to one of the fashion stores in South Carolina with the hopes of purchasing a new wallet. In her words, immediately she walked into the fashion store doorway, an appointed saleswoman in the shop allegedly called one of the colleagues a shoplifter. The crisis escalated more intensely since Casey race was black. In connection, Caseys mother, a successful blogger known as Rene shared her daughters ordeal and experience on her Facebook platform. As you can imagine, virally exploded within a day and in return, this prompted an appropriate counter measure retaliation response from the fashion store of Carolina Girls on their Facebook page as well. Carolina Girls organizations assessment of the reputation issue The crisis, however, initiated a further controversial scenario in another second phrase. True to say, had the crisis been left there after the public apology, the fire would have been quickly extinguished (Claeys Cauberghe 2015, P. 70). On the contrary, later on, Carolina Girls put up a further Facebook post claiming that an intensified investigation had exposed the fact that there was no evidence pointing out that such remarks had been made and rather pinned the fault on the teenage shoppers that were in the store at that particular time. The logic behind the store's assessment is that it was the very first time such a crisis had hit the store and hence because they had a brand image to protect, it was not completely possible for one of its employees to have made such comments (Brynley-Jones Brynley-Jones 2017). The post as expected pocked a hornets nest that was already settled. Role of public relations in developing the organizational response In this case, the public relations segment of the organization failed in their role since their primary objective should have been to establish and maintain positive relationships with any given third party (Harvey Sealy 2016, p. 60). The lack of an efficient company response can be credited to the failure by the companys Public relation department which is also a key component in analyzing this case study. The result of the Organizations response As a reaction technique, the stores page was attacked with precarious comments from across the state. Subsequently, many of the comments were so severe that they had to be brought down by the sites administration. In relation, to compound what they had now accepted as the mistake they had done in mishandling the crisis, Carolina Girls had to delete their Facebook profile to prevent further damage. The acting CEO of the store attracted further negative publicity to the crisis when she spoke to a news channel. Stephanie Davies claimed that the organization had made several attempts to find a midpoint through setting up a meeting with Rene Syler and her daughter with no avail. It is unfortunate that the damage had already escalated and that the interview only succeeded in drawing more and more online ridicule. Workable Recommendations for the future Several crucial lessons can be learned from the Carolina Girls social media crisis being that our corporation belongs to same industry as Carolina Girls. One fundamental lesson is that the old ideology that the customer is always on the right is as valid as today as it has been throughout the years (Helm Tolsdorf 2013, p. 150). It is important for a corporation to acknowledge that no matter how confident it is that the client was on the wrong and hence at fault, counter claims, denials as well as buck passing are the social media correspondent of an independent grenade (Kim Sung 2014, p. 85). Initially, Carolina Girls effectively managed the crisis by publicly apologizing as well as making attempts to reach the aggrieved party at a private angle (Akram 2017, p. 231). However, later on, they inexplicably inflamed the already intensified situation by insisting to pin the blame on its customers and also censoring negative comments about the customers rather than positively engaging with the already angered online population. In addition, deleting its Facebook page was a mistake since the act was similar to an ostrich sticking its head in the sand while expecting a pride of lions closing in not to see it and hence was a major mistake (Jin, Liu Austin 2014, p. 85). The most appropriate technique to counter such an issue is to be transparent and contrite from the very beginning. Also, withdraw the issue from the public domain as much as possible as well as ensure that the response made by the firm is satisfactory enough from the customers angle (Brynley-Jones Brynley-Jones 20 17). If this is not sufficiently done, the organization risks a full scale fire that will automatically be a giant task to extinguish and hence could irreparably damage the companys brand which we have all worked tirelessly hard to build. References Akram, S., 2017. The Impact Of User-Generated and Organizations Information and Sympathy Based Crisis Response Strategies on Organizational Reputation and Secondary Crisis Communication: A Case on University of Management And Technology, Lahore.Science International,29(1), Pp.231-231. Beldad, A.D., Hegner, S.M. and van Laar, E., 2017. Proactive Crisis Communication When Precrisis Reputation Is Rotten? The Moderating Roles of Precrisis Reputation and Crisis Type in the Relationship Between Communication Timing and Trust and Purchase Intention. InCreating Marketing Magic and Innovative Future Marketing Trends(pp. 679-684). Springer, Cham. Brynley-Jones, L. and Brynley-Jones, L. (2017).6 Examples of Social Media Crises: What can we learn? - Our Social Times - Social Media for Business. [online] Our Social Times - Social Media for Business. Available at: https://oursocialtimes.com/6-examples-of-social-media-crises-what-can-we-learn/ [Accessed 17 Aug. 2017]. Claeys, A.S. and Cauberghe, V., 2015. The role of a favorable pre-crisis reputation in protecting organizations during crises.Public Relations Review,41(1), pp.64-71. Coombs, W.T., 2014.Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing, and responding. Sage Publications. 13(2), pp.91-100. Harvey, W.S. and Sealy, R., 2016. Building HR's reputation. Helm, S. and Tolsdorf, J., 2013. How does corporate reputation affect customer loyalty in a corporate crisis?.Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management,21(3), pp.144-152. Jin, Y., Liu, B.F. and Austin, L.L., 2014. Examining the role of social media in effective crisis management: The effects of crisis origin, information form, and source on publics crisis responses.Communication research,41(1), pp.74-94. Kim, S. and Sung, K.H., 2014. Revisiting the effectiveness of base crisis response strategies in comparison of reputation management crisis responses.Journal of Public Relations Research,26(1), pp.62-78.

Case Study Ford Motor Company Essay Example For Students

Case Study Ford Motor Company Essay Ford Motor CompanyAddress: The American RoadDearborn, Michigan 48121, USAPublic Company Incorporated: July, 1918Employees: 383,300Sales: $62.17 billionStock Index: New York, Boston, Pacific Midwest, Toronto, Montreal, LondonUntil recently, the Ford Motor Company has been one of the most dynastic of American enterprises, a factor which has both benefited the company and has brought it to the brink of disaster. Today Ford is the second largest manufacturer of automobiles and trucks in the world, and its operations are well diversified, both operationally and geographically. The company operates the worlds second largest finance company in the world, and is a major producer of tractors, glass and steel. It is most prominent in the US, but also has plants in Canada, Britain and Germany, and facilities in over 100 countries. Henry Ford I, the founder of Ford Motor Company, was born on a farm near Dearborn, Mi in 1869. From boyhood, he had a talent for engineering, but it was not until 1890 that he commenced his engineering career as an employee of the Detroit Edison Company. Fords superiors at the electric company felt his hobby distracted him from his regular occupation, and despite his promotion to chief engineer, he was forced to quit in 1899. Shortly afterwards, with financial backing from private investors, Ford established the Detroit Automobile Company. He later withdrew from the venture after a disagreement with business associates over numbers and prices of cars to be produced. Working independently in a small shed in Detroit, Henry Ford developed two four cylinder, 80-horsepower race cars called the 999 and the Arrow, with $28,000 of capital raised from friends and neighbors. Henry Ford established a new shop on June 16, 1903. In this facility the Ford Motor Company began production of a two cylinder, eight-horsepower design called the Model A. The company produced 1,708 of these models in the first year of operation. Henry Ford and his engineers designed several automobiles, each one designated by a letter of the alphabet: these included the small, four cylinder Model N (which sold for $500), and the more luxurious six-cylinder Model K (which sold poorly for $2500). In October 1908, Ford introduced the durable and practical Model T. Demand for this car was so great that Ford was forced to enlarge its production facilities. Over 10,000 Model Ts were produced in 1909. In developing the assembly line, Ford noted that the average worker performed several tasks in the production of each component, and used a variety of tools in the process. He improved efficiency by having each worker specialize in one task, with one tool. The component on which the employee worked was conveyed to him on a moving belt, and after allowing a set time for the task to be performed, the component was moved on to the next operation. Slower workers thus needed to increase their work rate in order to maintain production at the rate determined by the speed of the belts. When the US became involved in World War I (April 1917), the Ford Motor Company placed its vast resources at the disposal of the government. For the duration of the war, Ford Motor produced large quantities of automobiles, trucks, and ambulances, as well as Liberty airplane motors, whippet tanks, Eagle submarine chasers and munitions. In 1918, Henry Ford officially retired from the company, naming his son, Edsel, president. At the end of the war Henry and Edsel disagreed with fellow stockholders over the planned expenditure of several million dollars for a large new manufacturing complex at River Rouge. The Fords eventually resolved the conflict by buying out all the other shareholders. .ucf241b42e56c0a5c7b9a88cf3a3eee78 , .ucf241b42e56c0a5c7b9a88cf3a3eee78 .postImageUrl , .ucf241b42e56c0a5c7b9a88cf3a3eee78 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucf241b42e56c0a5c7b9a88cf3a3eee78 , .ucf241b42e56c0a5c7b9a88cf3a3eee78:hover , .ucf241b42e56c0a5c7b9a88cf3a3eee78:visited , .ucf241b42e56c0a5c7b9a88cf3a3eee78:active { border:0!important; } .ucf241b42e56c0a5c7b9a88cf3a3eee78 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucf241b42e56c0a5c7b9a88cf3a3eee78 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucf241b42e56c0a5c7b9a88cf3a3eee78:active , .ucf241b42e56c0a5c7b9a88cf3a3eee78:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucf241b42e56c0a5c7b9a88cf3a3eee78 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucf241b42e56c0a5c7b9a88cf3a3eee78 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucf241b42e56c0a5c7b9a88cf3a3eee78 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucf241b42e56c0a5c7b9a88cf3a3eee78 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucf241b42e56c0a5c7b9a88cf3a3eee78:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucf241b42e56c0a5c7b9a88cf3a3eee78 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucf241b42e56c0a5c7b9a88cf3a3eee78 .ucf241b42e56c0a5c7b9a88cf3a3eee78-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucf241b42e56c0a5c7b9a88cf3a3eee78:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animals In The Eyes Of The Dragon EssayBetween January 1 and April 19, 1921, the Ford Motor Company had $58 million in financial obligations due, and only $29 million available to meet them. With little time available, Henry Ford transferred as many automobiles as possible to the dealerships. This generated $25 million. $28 million more was produced by purchasing the Detroit, Toledo ; Ironton railroad. This, and funds from other sources not only saved the company from bankruptcy, but enabled Ford to acquire the financially troubled Lincoln Motor Company in 1922. After 18 years producing the Model T, the Ford Motor Company faced its first serious threat from a competitor. In 1926, the

Precipitation Reactions Essay Example

Precipitation Reactions Essay The purpose of this experiment is to become familiar with precipitation reactions. According to the textbook, precipitation is the process where a chemical reaction leads to the formation of a solid, which is called a precipitate. These types of chemical reactions are called precipitation reactions. To understand the formation of a solid in a chemical reaction, it is important to understand the key components that yield the precipitate.Precipitation reactions specifically occur when aqueous solutions of ionic solutes are mixed to produce a solid. The term aqueous refers to the state of the substance, showing that it dissolves in water. When a solid containing ions dissolves in water, the ions separate and move around independently. When two aqueous solutions are mixed, the solution becomes a mixed solution -one that contains independent ions. To determine what solid, if any, is formed, it is necessary to predict the result using the rules of solubility. Solubility is a solids ability to dissolve in water.A soluble solid will readily dissolve in water, whereas an insoluble solid will not dissolve, or change in ways so small that they are not visible to the naked eye. By knowing the solubility rules of ionic compounds, it is possible to know whether a precipitate will form in a reaction, and what the precipitate is.Methods and MaterialsThis experiment required the mixture of several different substances, followed by observation of the results. To perform these tests, a microtiter plate was used to contain the individual drops of substances. The substances provided included the following solutes: sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, silver nitrate, sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, potassium chromate, lead acetate, sodium sulfate, and barium chloride.Using pipets, these solutes were carefully mixed on the microtiter plate, which was used as a reaction chamber. Carefully, the reagents were dispersed and mixed, while the reactions observed and recorded. To discover th e results of the reactions, it was necessary to use solubility rules to predict the reactions. The order of the reactions as well as the results can be seen in Data Table 1.Results and ObservationsTable 1. Reactants and PrecipitatesReactantReactantBalanced EquationPrecipitateSilver Nitrate AgNO3Sodium Chloride NaClAgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)AgClSilver Nitrate AgNO3Hydrochloric Acid HClHCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) HNO3(aq) +AgCl(s)AgClSilver Nitrate AgNO3Sulfuric Acid H2SO4AgNO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Ag2SO4(s) + HNO3(aq)Ag2SO4Silver Nitrate AgNO3Sodium Sulfate Na2SO42AgNO3(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) Ag2SO4(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)Ag2SO4Silver Nitrate AgNO3Sodium Carbonate Na2CO32AgNO3(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) Ag2CO3(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)Ag2CO3Silver Nitrate AgNO3Potassium Carbonate K2CO32AgNO3(aq) + K2CO3(aq) Ag2CO3(s) + 2KNO3(aq)Ag2CO3Silver Nitrate AgNO3Lead(II)Acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2AgNO3(aq) + Pb(C2H3O2)2(aq) Ag(C2H3O2)2(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)No PrecipitateSilver Nitrate AgNO3Barium Chloride BaCl22AgN O3(aq) + BaCl2(aq) 2AgCl(s) + Ba(NO3)2(aq)AgClPotassium Carbonate K2CO3Lead(II)Acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2K2CO3(aq) + Pb(C2H3O2)2(aq) K2(C2H3O2)2(aq) + PbCO3(s)PbCO3Potassium Carbonate K2CO3Barium Chloride BaCl2K2CO3(aq) + BaCl2(aq) KCl2(aq) + BaCO3(s)BaCO3Potassium Carbonate K2CO3Copper(II)Sulfate CuSO4K2CO3(aq) + CuSO4(aq) K2SO4(aq) + CuCO3(s)CuCO3Lead(II)Acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2Sodium Carbonate Na2CO3Pb(C2H3O2)2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) PbCO3(s) + Na2(C2H3O2)2(aq)PbCO3Lead(II)Acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2Sodium Chloride NaClPb(C2H3O2)2(aq) + NaCl(aq) PbCl2(aq) + Na2(C2H3O2)2(aq)No PrecipitateLead(II)Acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2Sodium Sulfate Na2SO4Pb(C2H3O2)2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) PbSO4(s) + Na2(C2H3O2)2(aq)PbSO4Lead(II)Acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2Sulfuric Acid H2SO4Pb(C2H3O2)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) PbSO4(s) + H2(C2H3O2)2(aq)PbSO4Lead(II)Acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2Barium Chloride BaCl2Pb(C2H3O2)2(aq) + BaCl2(aq) PbCl2(aq) + Ba(C2H3O2)2(aq)No PrecipitateLead(II)Acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2Hydrochloric Acid HClPb(C2H3O2)2(aq) + HCl (aq) PbCl2(aq) + H2(C2H3O2)2(aq)No PrecipitateLead(II)Acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2Copper(II)Sulfate CuSO4Pb(C2H3O2)2(aq) + CuSO4(aq) PbSO4(s) + Cu(C2H3O2)2(aq)PbSO4Barium Chloride BaCl2Sodium Carbonate Na2CO3BaCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) BaCO3(s) + NaCl(aq)BaCO3Barium Chloride BaCl2Sodium Sulfate Na2SO4BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) BaSO4(s) + NaCl(aq)BaSO4Barium Chloride BaCl2Sulfuric Acid H2SO4BaCl2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) BaSO4(s) + HCl(aq)BaSO4Barium Chloride BaCl2Copper(II)Sulfate CuSO4BaCl2(aq) + CuSO4(aq) BaSO4(s) + CuCl(aq)BaSO4Sodium Chloride NaClSodium Carbonate Na2CO3NaCl(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) Na2CO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)No PrecipitateAmmonium Chloride NH4ClLead(II)Acetate Pb(C2H3O2)2NH4Cl(aq) + Pb(C2H3O2)2(aq) NH4(C2H3O2)2(aq) + PbCl2(aq)No PrecipitateAmmonium Chloride NH4ClSilver Nitrate AgNO3NH4Cl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) NH4NO3(aq) + AgCl(s)AgClAmmonium Chloride NH4ClCopper(II)Sulfate CuSO4NH4Cl(aq) + CuSO4(aq) NH4SO4(aq) + CuCl(aq)No PrecipitateTable 2. Net Ionic Equations and ObservationsRe actantsNet Ionic EquationObservationsAgNO3, NaClAg+(aq) + Cl-(aq) AgCl(s)drops turned cloudy-whiteAgNO3, HClCl-(aq) + Ag-(aq) AgCl(s)drops turned cloudy-whiteAgNO3, H2SO4Ag+(aq) + Ag+(aq) + SO4-(aq) Ag2SO4(s)developed soft-white particlesAgNO3, Na2SO4Ag+(aq) + Ag+(aq) + SO4-(aq) Ag2SO4(s)developed yellow tintAgNO3, Na2CO3Ag+(aq) + Ag+(aq) + CO3-(aq) Ag2CO3(s)translucent cloudy-white and yellow particlesAgNO3, K2CO3Ag+(aq) + Ag+(aq) + CO3-(aq) Ag2CO3(s)reddish-brown color changeAgNO3, Pb(C2H3O2)2No precipitate formed.no apparent changeAgNO3, BaCl2Ag+(aq) + Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + Cl-(aq) 2AgCl(s)developed thick cloudy-white colorK2CO3, Pb(C2H3O2)2CO3-(aq) + Pb-(aq) PbCO3(s)developed white particles in yellow liquidK2CO3, BaCl2CO3-(aq) + Ba+(aq) BaCO3(s)solid/cloudy yellow liquidK2CO3, CuSO4CO3-(aq) + Cu+(aq) CuCO3(s)developed white particles in yellow liquidPb(C2H3O2)2, Na2CO3Pb+(aq) + CO3-(aq) PbCO3(s)turned misty/foggy whitePb(C2H3O2)2, NaClNo precipitate formed.no apparent c hangePb(C2H3O2)2, Na2SO4Pb+(aq) + SO4-(aq) PbSO4(s)turned cloudy-whitePb(C2H3O2)2, H2SO4Pb+(aq) + SO4-(aq) PbSO4(s)changed into soft-white colorPb(C2H3O2)2, BaCl2No precipitate formed.no apparent changePb(C2H3O2)2, HClNo precipitate formed.no apparent changePb(C2H3O2)2, CuSO4Pb+(aq) + SO4-(aq) PbSO4(s)developed soft-white colorBaCl2, Na2CO3Ba+(aq) + CO3-(aq) BaCO3(s)white precipitation on clear liquidBaCl2, Na2SO4Ba+(aq) + SO4-(aq) BaSO4(s)- (wasnt in class/not recorded)BaCl2, H2SO4Ba+(aq) + SO4-(aq) BaSO4(s)- (wasnt in class/not recorded)BaCl2, CuSO4Ba+(aq) + SO4-(aq) BaSO4(s)- (wasnt in class/not recorded)NaCl, Na2CO3No precipitate formed.no apparent changeNH4Cl, Pb(C2H3O2)2No precipitate formed.no apparent changeNH4Cl, AgNO3Cl-(aq) + Ag+(aq) AgCl(s)- (wasnt in class/not recorded)NH4Cl, CuSO4No precipitate formed.no apparent changeDiscussionIn this lab, it was made clear, through numerous chemical reactions, what exactly occurs in a precipitation reaction. The standard definition reads that a precipitation reaction occurs when a solid is formed as a result of the mixture of aqueous ions, which sounds obscure. However, the experimentation with many different types of substances shows how consistent and predictable these results can be. Using solubility rules, it is easy to determine whether a precipitate will form, and even know what the solid is.For example, the compound Silver Nitrate, or AgNO3, combined with HCl, or hydrochloric acid, forms the precipitate AgCl, or Silver Chloride. This is known because the solubility rules states that NO3 salts are soluble, as well as chloride salts. However, in the case of AgCl, chloride is not soluble. As soon as this information is attained, it is determined that AgCl is the precipitate, since the remaining ions H and NO3 dissolve in water.QuestionsThe solubility rules used to predict the identity of the precipitates formed in the reactions of this experiment are general rules of thumb that hold tru e in most instances. However, the specific quantity of an ionic solid that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent is governed by the solubility or the solubility product of the ionic substance. Use your textbook or encyclopedia for each of these terms.Solubility solubility is physical property of a substance having the ability to dissolve in water.Solubility product solubility product constants are used to describe saturated solutions of ionic compounds of relatively low solubility. A saturated solution is in a state of dynamic equilibrium between the dissolved, dissociated, ionic compound and the undissolved solid.Source: www.chem.purdue.edu/ConclusionThough chemistry is a very complex science, experimenting with chemical reactions offers a chance to experience and understand the consistent workings of the study. On paper, it seems as though the hundreds of elements and thousands of compound combinations are an endless wall of difficult formulas. Through experiences like th ese experiments, however, I can firsthand witness the consistency in chemical change, and see exactly how the world functions. Precipitation opened up a new aspect of chemistry -the ability to see and know how ions react in water, and how they react with each other to form new solids. Seeing and understanding why chemical changes happen transforms an endless wall of dry formulas into a fascinating world of actual substances found in reality.

A Dramatistic Analysis of the Sandy Hook Shootings

A Dramatistic Analysis of the Sandy Hook Shootings Identification of the Problem Background On the morning of December 14, 2012, a mentally disturbed youth named Adam Lanza gained access to Sandy Hook Elementary School and killed 26 individuals using a Bushmaster rifle, before taking his own life with a single shot from a Glock handgun (Barron, 2012; Chaney Robertson, 2013; Semeiks, 2013).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on A Dramatistic Analysis of the Sandy Hook Shootings specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although the unprecedented shootings took 11 minutes to complete, they attracted widespread condemnation as various media outlets published as much information as possible, some even without following the protocols for accurate reporting. For example, some reputable media outlets such as CBS and Fox News wrongly reported that the killer’s mother worked at the school’s kindergarten and that she was killed as she taught the children (Folkenflik, 2012 ). However, school administrators later clarified that Lanza’s mother was not an employee of the school and had been killed at her home. The proposed project uses Kenneth Burke’s theory of dramastitic pentad to undertake an analysis of the Sandy Hook shootings with the view to illuminating the local and national media coverage of the massacre. Rationale The proposed project is embedded in the justification that whatever is published by mainstream media outlets heavily influences how Americans perceive events, policies, individuals and groups, and that there is an urgent need to analyze how these media outlets primarily exhibited the diverse groups of individuals in the tragedy as well as the various policies that allowed the shooter to have access to guns. Lastly, it is felt that understanding how an individual with a mental condition was allowed to purchase guns is critical to understanding how blame shifted from particular social systems to the shooter as a single en tity. Value of Project The proposed project has immense contribution to the existing literature, particularly in distilling the knowledge on media reporting of shooting incidents, American gun rights, and employment of mental illness to explain national tragedies.Advertising Looking for case study on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Burke provides useful insights in his dramastitic pentad criticism model, where he focuses on â€Å"a flawed individual and an imperfect society as rhetoric dominated by scene-agent ratio† (Zafis, 2013, p. 5). Drawing from this elaboration, the Sandy Hook massacre can be explained within the realms of gun control supporters assuming that the American society (scene) permits individuals (agents) to arm themselves with dangerous weapons, hence making shooting incidents to be perceived within the context of imperfect systems or a deficient gun rights scene (Rosen berg, 2014). Conversely, gun rights advocates employ the mental illness frame to insinuate that an imperfect society allows mentally flawed agents to slip through a damaged mental health system and have access to guns, leading to incidences such as Sandy Hook (Chaney Robertson, 2013). Statement of Problem Available scholarship demonstrates that â€Å"recent mass shootings by persons seemingly afflicted with serious mental illness (SMI) have received extensive news media coverage and prompted national dialogue about the causes of, and policy responses to, mass shootings† (McGinty, Webster, Jarlenski, Barry, 2014, p. 406). But while such news media framing of serious mental illness as a cause of Sandy Hook shootings may influence public attitudes about individuals with mental illness and support for gun violence prevention proposals, questions proliferate about the role of the media in dealing with gun rights, flawed agents, and the various policies that seem to place weapons at the hands of the mentally ill (Rosenberg, 2014). The proposed project aims to fill these gaps in the literature. Purpose of Project and Key Research Questions The purpose of the proposed project is to use Burke’s theory of dramastitic pentad to explore the rhetoric surrounding Sandy Hook’s shootings as reported in the media. The proposed research questions are as follows:Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on A Dramatistic Analysis of the Sandy Hook Shootings specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More RQ1: With reference to Sandy Hook shootings, how does the media reports the shift in focus from a gun rights scene to a flawed agent? RQ2: Does the media use mental illness as a scapegoat for why national tragedies occur? These research questions will be addressed by analyzing primary literature on mental health issues and gun crimes in America as well as secondary literature (newspapers) on Sandy Hook’s incidence and how it was reported. Method Research Design The proposed project will use the dramastitic pentad form of criticism as the method of exploration. Originating from philosopher, critical theorist and rhetorician Kenneth Burke (1897-1993), the pentad operates â€Å"grammatically as a means of articulating the relationships among ideas [and] how words about motives fit together to explain human action† (Blakeslay, 2001, p. 8). Burke developed the five key terms to dramatism (act, scene, agent, agency, purpose) and argued that these terms not only generate the principle of our investigation, but also determine what person or kind of person (agent) performs the act and what means or instruments are used (agency) to perform the act. Additionally, Burke, comprehensively cited in Blakeslay (2001), argues that â€Å"any complete statement about motives will offer some kind of answers to these five questions: what was done (act), when or where it was done (scene), who did it (agent), how he did it (agency), and why (purpose)† (p. 24).Advertising Looking for case study on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the context of the proposed project, the media may incessantly disagree about the purposes behind the frequent shootings in the United States, why individuals choose to perpetuate shootings in a particular place (scene), as well as the character of individuals who perpetuate the shootings (agents). Owing to the fact that the pentad is perceived as a strategic technique for analyzing discourse by focusing on how it attributes motivation to human action, it is evidently clear that both simple and complex statements about why individuals engage in certain things are potential material for dramatistic analysis (Blakeslay, 2001). As such, the pentad can be used as a form of rhetorical analysis or as a method that can be employed by readers to identify the rhetorical nature of any text that explains or represents human motivation, implying that the method can be used to dramastitically analyze how media outlets in the United States reported the Sandy Hook’s shootings as well as the repercussions of their reporting on different groups of individuals and social systems. In undertaking a dramastitic analysis of the Sandy Hook shootings, the proposed project will use Burke’s pentadic concepts of agent (names what person or kind of person who performed the act) as well as scene (the background of the act or the situation in which it occurred). As demonstrated by Demikiw (2010), Burke’s model not only allows a critic to achieve multiple perspectives or perceptions on the same scenario by attributing diverse terms of the pentad to the same components of the situation under investigation, but also provides users with a means for understanding motives, attitudes and perspectives by undertaking an analysis of language use. Understandably, therefore, Burke’s theory of dramastitic pentad can be applied in efforts aimed at not only analyzing how the media reports shift in focus from a gun rights scene to a flawed agent in the Sandy Hook shootings, but also understanding why the media employs mental illness to explain the occurrence of national tragedies in America. Materials The proposed project will employ online newspapers and articles as the basis for data collection, in large part due to the fact that the researcher is interested in dramatistically analyzing how local and national media outlets covered the Sandy Hook shootings. It is the information contained in the online newspapers and articles that will be analyzed using Burke’s theory of dramatistic pentad to provide responses to the stated research questions. Primary resources such as peer-reviewed research articles will also be used to provide an evidence base on mental health and gun crimes in America, American gun laws, as well as media reporting of violent crimes in America. Some of the advantages of using secondary sources (online newspapers) include ease of use, low cost of acquisition, capacity to clarify research question(s), as well as capability to p rovide responses to the stated research questions. Conversely, some of the advantages of using primary sources (e.g., peer-reviewed articles) include capacity to develop critical thinking skills as well as propensity to construct knowledge (Scheuler, 2014). Secondary sources (newspapers) need to be carefully selected, as available literature demonstrates that â€Å"not all information obtained from secondary sources is equally reliable or valid† (Stewart Kamins, 1993, p. 17). This predisposition is also applicable in the collection of primary sources (peer-reviewed articles), thus the need to exercise caution. Drawing from this elaboration, the following procedure will be used for gathering materials: â€Å"(1) what was the purpose of the study? (2) Who collected the information? (3) What information was actually collected? (4) When was the information collected? (5) How was the information obtained? (6) How consistent is the information with other sources?† (Stewart Kamins, 1993, p. 17). In sampling, the researcher is of the opinion that representativeness of the artifact set (online newspapers and articles) will be balanced with considerations for the attainment of homogeneity for the sampled artifacts not only to facilitate replication of results, but also to enhance credibility as well as validity. Discussion and Conclusion Anticipated Findings The first research question relates to how the media reports the shift in focus from a gun rights scene to a flawed agent within the context of Sandy Hook shootings. Available scholarship is consistent that mass shootings can enhance mental health stigma, entrench stereotypes that individuals with mental conditions are violent, and influence public policy (Rosenberg, 2014), that gun violence perpetuated by mentally unstable individuals has been and continues to be a serious public health concern in American schools and communities (Ruggles Rajan, 2014), and that many gun violence prevention groups h ave underscored the relationship between mental illness and aggression and called for policies to prevent individuals with mental illness from having guns (McGinty et al., 2014). Using the agent (Adam Lanza) and scene (American society) continuum of Burke’s theory of dramastitic pentad, it is anticipated that the ratios between the two elements will lean more toward the exploration of the flawed agent in newspapers and other media outlets. The application of these ratios to any rhetorical scenario permits the rhetorician (in this case, the researcher) to constrict an analysis from a bigger picture to a more defined one (Blakeslay, 2001; Demikiw, 2010), implying that the researcher will have the capacity to come up with responses as to how the American media has shifted attention to the flawed agent and failed to account or advocate for the gun rights scene even after repeated gun-related massacres. The second research question relates to why the American media uses mental ill ness as a scapegoat for the routine occurrence of national tragedies. Again, research is consistent that the rhetoric about the relationship between poor mental health and controlling access to firearms in the American society appears to be most predominant in the wake of mass shootings (Ruggles Rajan, 2014), that mass shootings often lead to widespread public anger, renewed debate on gun control as well as implementation of several mental health policies at the state and federal level (Rosenberg, 2014), and that many gun policy proposals across the United States are based on the common conjecture that mental illness is an important cause of violence (Chaney Robertson, 2013; McGinty et al., 2014). Using Burke’s theory of dramastitic pentad as the basis for analysis and following the stream of research indicated above, the anticipated findings are likely to reinforce the assertion that the American media indeed uses flawed agents (individuals with mental illness) to form the basis for justifying the constant occurrence of national tragedies such as the one that happened at Sandy Hook Elementary School. Such a finding will be instrumental in assisting the researcher to look for gaps in the various gun laws and policies which undoubtedly allow flawed agents to gain access to automatic weapons. Additionally, the analysis and findings will assist the researcher to delineate the reasons as to why American media is increasingly shifting blame from the failure of specific social systems to the debilitating mental effects of the shooter as a single entity. Limitations The expected results are likely to be limited by (1) complexity of analysis using Burke’s theory of dramatistic pentad as the two components (agent and scene) may overlap or be applied to another part, (2) difficulties in generalizing findings due to lack of scientific rigor, (3) potential for the researcher to fail to exercise objectivity in examining various discourses with the view to u nderstanding how they function to influence an audience, and (4) difficulties in establishing the correct ratios within the context of the relationships formed between the components of the pentad (Blakeslay, 2009; Smith, 2009). Overall, the anticipated conclusions of the proposed project will not be lacking as the researcher will take all the necessary steps to ensure reliability and validity of findings. Such steps include (1) familiarization with the Burke’s theory of dramastitic pentad, (2) reference to other research studies that use similar methodology and approach, (3) ensuring representativeness of the artifact set, and (4) ensuring adequate knowledge of, and familiarity with, Burke’s dramatistic tools and cluster analysis techniques. It is the conviction of the researcher that the conclusions of the proposed project will provide important insights on how local and national newspapers and media outlets cover shooting incidents and if such coverage is to blame f or reinforcing the flawed agent perspective at the expense of restructuring gun laws to ensure that individuals with mental illness do not have access to weapons. Using the contextual framework of the Sandy Hook shootings, it is also the conviction of the researcher that the conclusions of this project will provide important insights on whether the American media use the mental illness concept to hide the realities on why national tragedies keep on occurring. The findings of this study will go a long way in informing policy directions on mental health issues, American gun laws, mass school shootings, as well as media reporting of violent crimes in the United States. References Barron, J. (2012, December 14). Nation reels after gunman massacres 20 children at school in Connecticut. New York Times. Retrieved from nytimes.com/2012/12/15/nyregion/shooting-reported-at-connecticut-elementary-school.html?_r=0 Blakeslay, D. (2001). The elements of dramatism. Harlow: Longman. Chaney, C., Ro bertson, R.V. (2013). Media reporting of the Sandy Hook elementary school angels. Journal of Pan African Studies, 5(6), 74-114. Demikiw, J.J. (2010). 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